High-endothelial venules

Miyasaka M, Tanaka T. Lymphocyte trafficking across high endothelial venules dogmas and enigmas. Nat Rev Immunol 2004 4(5) 360-370. 

Yoneyama H, Matsuno K, Zhang Y, et al. Evidence for recruitment of plasmacytoid dendritic cell precursors to inflamed lymph nodes through high endothelial venules. Int Immunol 2004 16(7) 915-928. 

Gunn MD, Tangemann K, Tam C, Cyster JG, Rosen SD, Williams LT. A chemokine expressed in lymphoid high endothelial venules promotes the adhesion and chemotaxis of naive T lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998 95(l) 258-263. 

Bishop, D. K., Jutila, M. A., Sedmak, D. D., Beattie, M. S., and Orosz, C. G. (1989). Lymphocyte entry into inflammatory tissues in vivo. Qualitative differences of high endothelial venule-like vessels in sponge matrix allografts vs. isografts. J. Immunol. 

These processes depend on chemotactic activation of the effector cells and altered cellular migration to promote an allergic reaction. During these events, there is also an upregulation of the adhesion molecules, both on the effector cells and on high endothelial venules in blood vessels, lungs and other tissues. 

Faveeuw C, Preece G, Ager A, Transendothelial migration of lymphocytes across high endothelial venules into lymph nodes is affected by metalloproteinases, Immunobiology 2001 98(3) 688—695. 

Cytokine/chemokine milieu induced by external, self and self-modified proteins, loaded into DCs/macrophages and delivered from affected tissues (including the brain) by lymph into regional draining lymph nodes controls the balance between induction of immunity or tolerance. Both the induction of antigen-specific immunity and tolerance rely on the direct interaction of DCs with naive T cells. These interactions occur in the T cell zone of lymph nodes in the vicinity of high endothelial venules (Von Andrian and Mackay, 2000). 

CD62L L selectin, LECAM-1. Mediates lymphocyte homing to high endothelial venules of peripheral lymphoid tissue, leukocyte rolling on activated endothelium at inflammatory sites. 

Butcher, E. C., Scollay, R. G. and Weissman, I. L. (1979). Lymphocyte adherence to high endothelial venules characterization of a modified in vitro assay, and examination of the binding of s)mgeneic and allogeneic lymphocyte populations. J. Immunol. 123, 1996-2003. 

Stamper, H. B. and Woodruff, J. J. (1976). Lymphocyte homing into lymph nodes in vitro demonstration of the selective affinity of recirculating lymphocytes for high-endothelial venules. J. Exp. Med. 144, 828-833. 

Each node, also called a lymph gland, has both arterial blood supply and venous drainage. Lymphocytes drain out of the arteries into the node interior, usually through a high endothelial venule that facilitates their entry. This venule (small vein) derives its name from the higher-than-usual tightly joined endothelial cells that line it. 

Carlsen HS, Haraldsen G, Brandtzaeg P, Baekkevold ES (2005) Disparate lymphoid chemokine expression in mice and men No evidence of Ccl21 synthesis by human high endothelial venules. Blood 106 444 146. 

Takaeda M, Yokoyama H, Segawa-Takaeda C, Wada T, Kobayashi K. 2002. High endothelial venule-llke vessels In the Interstitial lesions of human glomerulonephritis. Am J Nephrol. 22 48-57. 

Gut-tropic cells in humans express the o4/87 inte-grin, which is a counter-receptor for the mucosal vascular addressin MadCam-1 expressed on high endothelial venules of Peyer s patches and mesenteric lymph nodes, and on the endothelium of the gut mucosa (Briskin etal.,... 

Stamper, H. B., Jr. and Woodruff, J. J., An in vitro model of lymphocyte homing. I. Characterization of the interaction between thoracic duct lymphocytes and specialized high-endothelial venules of lymph nodes, J. Immunol., 119, 772, 1977. 

Jalkanen, S. T. and Butcher, E. C., In vitro analysis of the homing properties of human lymphocytes developmental regulation of functional receptors for high endothelial venules, Blood, 66, 577, 1985. 

Oral exposure of rats to hexachlorobenzene results in a dose-dependent increase in the number of peripheral neutrophilic and basophilic granulocytes and monocytes and of spleen and lymph node weights. Histopathology shows increased marginal zones and follicles and extramedullary haematopoiesis in the spleen and increased numbers of high endothelial venules in mesenteric lymph nodes and popliteal lymph nodes (Vos et ah, 1979a, 1979b, 1983 Michielsen et ah, 1997). These immune effects were more obvious in Brown Norway rats than in Lewis or Wistar rats (Michielsen et... 

Increased number of high endothelial venules in popliteal lymph nodes 150, 450 Michielsen etal. (1997)... 

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