Popliteal lymph node

There was a suggestion of dose-related immunosuppressive effects in rabbits fed methyl parathion in the diet at 0.04, 0.16, 0.57, and 1.48 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks. These effects consisted of decreased numbers of plasma cells in popliteal lymph nodes (at all doses compared to controls), decreased numbers of germinal... 

Aida, T. et al., Evaluation of allergenic potential of low-molecular compounds by mouse popliteal lymph node assay. J. Toxicol. Sci., 23, 425, 1998. 

Bloksma, N. et al., Predictive immunotoxicological test systems Suitability of the popliteal lymph node assay in mice and rats. Crit. Rev. Toxicol., 25, 369, 1995. 

Goebel, C. et al., The popliteal lymph node assay in mice Screening of drugs and other chemicals for immunotoxic hazard. Inflamm. Res., 45 Suppl. 2, S85,1996. 

Descotes, J., The popliteal lymph node assay A tool for studying the mechanisms of drug-induced autoimmune disorders. Toxicol. Lett., 64-65 Spec No, 101,1992. 

Albers, R. et al., The use of reporter antigens in the popliteal lymph node assay to assess immunomodulation by chemicals. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 143, 102, 1997. 

Gutting, B.W. et al., A comparison of the direct and reporter antigen popliteal lymph node assay for the detection of immunomodulation by low molecular weight compounds. Toxicol. Sci., 51, 71, 1999. 

Kammuller, M.E., and Seinen, W., Structural requirements for hydantoins and 2-thiohy-dantoins to induce lymphoproliferative popliteal lymph node reactions in the mouse. Int. J. Immunopharmacol., 10, 997, 1988. 

Thomas, C. et al., Popliteal lymph node enlargement and antibody production in the mouse induced by zimeldine and related compounds with varying side chains. Ini. J. Immuno-pharmacol., 12, 561, 1990. 

Pieters, R., and Albers, R., Assessment of autoimmunogenic potential of xenobiotics using the popliteal lymph node assay. Methods, 19, 71, 1999. 

Patriarca, C. et al., Popliteal lymph node response to procainamide and isoniazid. Role of beta-naphthoflavone, phenobarbitone and S9-mix pretreatment. Toxicol. Lett., 66, 21, 1993... 

There are no established assays that reliably assess potential for autoimmunity and acute systemic hypersensitivity. The popliteal lymph node assay (PLNA) has only a relatively small database available for assessing its usefulness for drug regulatory purposes. 

To assay specifically the afferent arm of the DTH response, the proliferation of the popliteal lymph node cells to SRBCs can also be measured (White et al., 1985). As described, mice treated with the test article are sensitized to SRBCs by inoculation of SRBCs into the hind footpad. However, 1.5 h later they are challenged intraperitoneally with FUdR and 2h later they are administered [125I]IUdR intravenously (instead of 125I-labeled HSA). Mice are sacrificed 24 h after challenge and both popliteal lymph nodes are removed and counted in a gamma counter. 

Pieters, R. (2001). The popliteal lymph node assay a tool for predicting drug allergies. Toxicology 158 65-69. 

Decreases in the relative weights of the lymph nodes and thymus were noted in male mice following daily dermal exposures for 1 week to 0.1 mL kerosene (Upreti et al. 1989). In addition, thymocyte counts, bone marrow nucleated cell counts, thymic cortical lymphocytes, and the cellularity of the thymic lobules were decreased. Increases in the cellular populations of the popliteal lymph nodes and the axial lymph nodes were also present. This study is limited because females were not tested. Chronic exposure to 500 mg/kg/day JP-5 induced granulocytic hyperplasia in the bone marrow in male and female mice and hyperplasia in the lymph nodes of female mice (NTP/NIH 1986). Plasmacytosis of the lymph nodes was found to be secondary to dermatitis in mice chronically exposed to 250 and 500 mg/kg/day of marine diesel fuel. 

Ravel, G. and Descotes, J. (2005) Popliteal lymph node assay facts and perspectives./oumoi of Applied Toxicology, 25, 451 58. 

Apart from the spleen, other lymphoid tissues, such as tonsils and the mesenteric or popliteal lymph nodes, can be used as a source of lymphocytes. In the preparation of MABs of human or veterinary origins it is often not possible to obtain lymphoid tissue, and there have been many reports of the successful use of lymphocytes separated from peripheral blood. In some cases, for ethical or practical reasons, it is not possible to immunize the lymphocyte donor, as when human MABs are required, or acutely toxic antigens are used. Also, antigen is not always available in sufficient quantities to perform a successful immunization in vivo. In these circumstances, it may be possible to perform the boosting stage or, indeed, the entire immunization procedure on the lymphocytes in vitro. 

Using a heavy pair of scissors, amputate the tumor-bearing leg just above the popliteal lymph node. It is critical to resect the popliteal lymph node as this is a common site of recurrence if it is not successfully removed. 

Fig. 2.1 Correlation between molecular weight and cumulative recovery (mean SD) of rINF a-2a (MW 19 kDa), cytochrome C (MW 12.3 kDa), inulin (MW 5.2 kDa) and 5-fluoro-2 -deoxyuridine (FUDR) (MW 246 Da) in the efferent lymph from the right popliteal lymph node following subcutaneous administration into the lower part of the right hind leg in sheep (n = 3). The linear regression line has a correlation coefficient r = 0.998 (p <0.01) (from [18]).

Kubicka-Muranyi M, Goebels R, Goebel C, Uetrecht J, Gleichmann E. T l5nnphocytes ignore procainamide, but respond to its reactive metabolites in peritoneal cells Demonstration by the adoptive transfer popliteal lymph node assay. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1993 122 88-94. 

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