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Health Hazards and Precautions

The general hazards to health associated with isocyanates may be summarized as follows all isocyanates (both aliphatic and aromatic) if present above certain critical values adversely affect the respiratory system. Surveys by the International Isocyanate Institute (which is primarily a voluntary association of isocyanate chemical manufacturers) suggest that normal individuals can work a standard 8-h day in an atmosphere in which the TLV of the diisocyanate is observed in recent years these values have been revised downwards (see Table 14.1).t However, mild to severe asthmatic attacks will result in the majority of people exposed to excessive inhalation of isocyanate vapour and this must be recognized as an acute hazard also loss of lung capacity and reduction in forced respiratory response results. Once an individual has suffered such an attack, some sensitization must, in the majority of cases, be assumed to have occurred  [Pg.407]

THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUES (TLV) FOR SOME COMMONLY USED DIISOCYANATES [Pg.408]

Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) Diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) 1,6-Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) [Pg.408]

For more detailed information, see G. Woods, Flexible Polyurethane Foams. Applied Science Publishers, London, 1982. [Pg.408]

Sensitization may last for many years or for life it usually lessens with time and most, but not all, people slowly become desensitized. A sensitized person must avoid further work with isocyanates and also asthmatic individuals should not work with isocyanates. Many employers who use isocyanates require their employees to be medically certified as free from respiratory problems and will systematically monitor their employees for maintenance of lung function through forced respiratory volume (FRV) monitoring. Further information is provided in the BRMA code of practice entitled Toxicity and Safe Handling of Diisocyanates and Ancilliary Chemicals a code of practice for polyurethane flexible foam manufacture. [Pg.408]


Rivera, J.C. 1974. Otto fuel II Health hazards and precautions. U.S. Navy Medicine 63 7-10. [Pg.124]

Antimony and its compounds health hazards and safety precautions... [Pg.572]

Nickel and its inorganic compounds health hazards and precautionary measures Metalworking fluids health precautions Vinyl chloride toxic hazards and precautions... [Pg.573]

Note also that ammonium sulfate is absent from the recommended binding buffer formulations despite its general popularity in the field. Ammonium ions become fully titrated at alkaline pH and convert to ammonia gas. Buffer pH may become unstable as a result and causticity of the free ammonia may partially hydrolyze the proteins in a sample, creating a source of assay variability.617 18 At small buffer volumes used for analytical applications, liberated ammonia gas may not be a significant health hazard, but precautions may still be necessary to meet regulations. For all these reasons, ammonium salts are best avoided at alkaline pH. [Pg.88]

X-rays themselves pose a particular health hazard, and although a significant number of accidents did occur with earlier spectrometers, there is now strict governmental control over equipment design and acceptable dose levels. When correctly employed, the modem spectrometer is probably less of a radiation health hazard than the average color television receiver. Nevertheless, equipment must be used with proper precautions and a separate chapter of this text is devoted to this area. [Pg.5]

The British Rubber Manufacturers Association (BRMA) publishes an operating and medical code of practice Isocyanates in Industry and the United Kingdom Health and Safety Executive publishes Isocyanates Toxic Hazards and Precautions, Environmental Hygiene No. 16 (1979). Additionally all isocyanate manufacturers provide free and excellent literature pertaining to the handling and use of diisocyanates. [Pg.415]

Cadmium - health and safety precautions Chromium - health and safety precautions Aniline - health and safety precautions Trichloroethylene health and safety precautions Chromic acid concentrations in air Petroleum based adhesives in building operations Arsenic - toxic hazards and precautions Spraying of highly flammable liquids... [Pg.726]

Isocyanates toxic hazards and precautions Mercury — health and safety precautions Toxic substances a precautionary policy Antimony — health and safety precautions Phosphine — health and safety precautions Carbon dust — health and safety precautions Ventilation of the workplace Anthrax health hazards Oust and accidents in malthouses Cotton dust sampling... [Pg.726]

Occupational skin diseases health and safety precautions Acrylonitrile personal protective equipment Control of lead air sampling techniques and strategies Control of lead outside workers Control of lead pottery and related industries Control of exposure to polyvinyl chloride dust Control of exposure to talc dust Atmospheric pollution in car parks Benzidine based dyes. Health and safety precautions Probable asbestos dust concentrations at construction premises Work with asbestos cement Work with asbestos insulating board Ozone health hazards and precautionary measures Occupational exposure limits (updated yearly)... [Pg.726]

On completion of the risk assessment, the site manager, in conjunction with a specialist contractor if one is to be used, will draw up a method statement and a programme of work. This will detail the methods, plant and equipment to be used, general precautions and any special requirements for dealing with health hazards, and the sequencing of work. The details and procedures required for any permit to work systems should also be included. This method statement and programme of work will be issued to the supervisor responsible for the work on site prior to the commencement of the work. [Pg.151]

All dyes and intermediates require Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) which provide physical, fire and explosion, health hazard, and reactivity data as well as EPA registration numbers, a listing of hazardous ingredients, spill or leak procedures, special protective equipment information, and special precautions to be taken in handling and storage. [Pg.914]

As water-based dispersion adhesives do not pose any health hazards and are non-flammable, there is no critical concern associated with their storage. Despite so, precautions relating to the concerned chemicals and information provided in the safety data sheets should be taken note of, in the event of a spill. Contact with the skin and splashes into the eye should also be avoided, like most chemicals. Upon contact with chemicals such as ammonia, some dispersion... [Pg.929]

Health and Safety Factors. Handling of cyanoacetic acid and cyanoacetates do not present any specific danger or health hazard if handled with the usual precautions. Cyanoacetic acid is classified as a moderate irritant (skin irritation, rabbits) and has an LD q (oral, rats) of 1500 mg/kg. Methyl and ethyl cyanoacetate are both classified as slight irritants (skin irritation, rabbits) and have an LD q (oral, rats) of 3062 and 2820 mg/kg, respectively. Transport classification cyanoacetic acid RID/ADR 8 IMDG-Code 8 lATA/ICAO 6.1. Methyl and ethyl cyanoacetate RID/ADR 6.1 IMDG-Code 6.1 lATA/ICAO 6.1. [Pg.471]

Inhalation of certain fine dusts may constitute a health hazard. Eor example, exposure to siUca, asbestos, and beryllium oxide dusts over a period of time results ki the potential risk of lung disease. OSHA regulations specify the allowable levels of exposure to kigestible and respkable materials. Material Safety Data Sheets, OSHA form 20, available from manufacturers, provide information about hazards, precautions, and storage pertinent to specific refractory products. [Pg.35]

Toxicology. The toxicity of ethyl ether is low and its greatest hazards in industry are fire and explosion. The vapor is absorbed almost instandy from the lungs and very prompdy from the intestinal tract. It undergoes no chemical change in the body. Prevention and control of health hazards associated with the handling of ethyl ether depend primarily on prevention of exposure to toxic atmospheric concentrations and scmpulous precautions to prevent explosion and fire. [Pg.428]

Access to a 2,700 chemical data base with hazard information, precautions, and health effects. Menu-driven software. [Pg.287]


See other pages where Health Hazards and Precautions is mentioned: [Pg.121]    [Pg.407]    [Pg.409]    [Pg.411]    [Pg.413]    [Pg.415]    [Pg.417]    [Pg.419]    [Pg.421]    [Pg.423]    [Pg.425]    [Pg.121]    [Pg.407]    [Pg.409]    [Pg.411]    [Pg.413]    [Pg.415]    [Pg.417]    [Pg.419]    [Pg.421]    [Pg.423]    [Pg.425]    [Pg.98]    [Pg.232]    [Pg.654]    [Pg.306]    [Pg.245]    [Pg.657]    [Pg.649]    [Pg.232]    [Pg.66]    [Pg.702]    [Pg.458]    [Pg.186]    [Pg.30]    [Pg.731]    [Pg.708]    [Pg.695]    [Pg.729]    [Pg.649]    [Pg.53]    [Pg.540]   


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