Hazardous machines

INDUSTRIAL SAFETY PROVISIONS. In the design of the APE and associated operational shield, conventional machine design practices are used to protect operators from hazards associated with moving parts. Proper techniques for guarding of hazardous machine areas are used, including the use of interlocks In the control system to prevent movements until certain conditions are satisfied, or to stop movements In emergency situations... 

Massachusetts passes law requiring safeguards on hazardous machines and the Employer Liability Law is passed. 

Machine guards, such as a hard guards or safety light screens, that are designed to protect personnel from hazardous machine motion when close to the machine s point of operation. 

Location Location means placing a hazardous machine or component where people will not normally be. 

Work equipment needs to be properly maintained so that it continues to operate safely and in the way it was designed to perform. The amount of maintenance will be stipulated in the manufacturers instructions and will depend on the amount of use, the working environment and the type of equipment. High speed, high hazard machines, which are heavily used in an adverse environment like salt water, may require very frequent maintenance, whereas a simple hand tool, like a shovel, may require very little. 

Simply training the employee to stay away from hazardous machine components is not effective alternative employee protection... 

The typical materials that are enconntered are shown on Table 4.44. This table is not exhaustive, and the user should consult the Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) and more in-deptll references (e.g.. Ref. 52). The Uqnid resins and catalysts are the highest noted hazards, because there are so many avennes of attack to onr bodies, and becanse there are many different effects. Once the composite strncture is fabricated, the fibers and resins are rendered essentially innocnons, and machining, drUfing, etc. pose minimal hazards. Machining dusts should be contained and properly disposed of to reduce the nuisance. 

Stop buttons and emergency stop bars on hazardous machines. 

Institute courses cover diverse safety and health topics including electrical hazards, machine guarding, personal protective equipment, ventilation, and ergonomics. The facility includes classrooms, laboratories, a library, and an audiovisual unit. The laboratories contain various demonstrations and equipment, such as power presses, woodworking and welding shops, a complete industrial ventilation unit, and a sound demonstration laboratory. More than 57 courses dealing with subjects such as safety and health in the construction industry and methods of compliance with OSHA standards are available for personnel in the private sector. 

Ensure emergency stop bars and buttons on hazardous machines are red. 

Exposure limits for siHcon carbide and powders of zirconium compounds (including zirconium dioxide) have been estabHshed by ACGIH. TLV—TWA s are 10 mg/m and 5 mg/m, respectively. OSHA guidelines for zirconium compounds call for a PEL of 5 mg/m. There are no exposure limits for siHcon nitride powder, but pmdent practice suggests a TLV—TWA of 0.1 mg/m. The soHd ceramics present no apparent health hazard. In machining such ceramics, however, care should be taken to prevent inhalation of respirable particles in amounts in excess of estabHshed limits. Disposal should be in approved landfills the materials are inert and should pose no danger to the environment. 

In selec ting the machines of choice, the use of specific speed and diameter best describe the flow. Figure 10-67 shows the characteristics of the three types of compressors. Other considerations in chemical plant service such as problems with gases which may be corrosive or have abrasive solids in suspension must be dealt with. Gases at elevated temperatures may create a potential explosion hazard, while air at the same temperatures may be handled qmte normally minute amounts of lubricating oil or water may contaminate the process gas and so may not be permissible, and for continuous-process use, a high degree of equipment rehability is required, since frequent shutdowns for inspec tion or maintenance cannot be tolerated. 

This is a location which is continuously contaminated with explosive gases, chemical vapours or volatile liquids and thus is highly susceptible to fire hazards. Installation of electrical machines in such areas should be avoided as far as possible, to reduce cost, facilitate maintenance and take other precautions. 

Philosophy of quality systems Testing of electrical machines Procedure for testing Load test No-load test Tolerances in test results Certification of motors used in hazardous locations... 

Continuous monitoring is necessary on critical machines where problems can develop rapidly and have severe financial consequences. Typical machines in this category are unspared process compressors. Remotely located machinery such as pipeline gas compressors also require continuous monitoring. Also, continuous monitoring may be dictated by safety considerations. Even though the cost of a failure is small, machines should be continuously monitored if a failure will result in hazards to personnel. Figure 8-38 depicts a typical continuous monitoring system. 

There is persisting interest in nylon-RIM materials as alternatives to polyurethane-RIM. Advantages of the nylon materials are the better shelf life and lower viscosity of the reaction components, ability to mould thick-walled articles, absence of a need for mould lubrication and the ability to avoid using isocyanates with their associated hazards. The main disadvantages of nylon-RIM are the need to have heated storage tanks and elevated temperature reactions, difficulties in catalyst handling and the high water absorption of the product. Possible markets include exterior car body components and appliance and business machine components. 

Wood dust hazards and precautions COSHH and the woodworking mdustnes Glue spreading machines Hardwood dust survey... 

Nutsche filters are well suited for handling flammable, toxic, corrosive and odor-noxious materials since they are autoclaved and designed for use in hazardous and ex-proof environments when extremely safe operation is required. They are available in almost any size with the larger machines for a slurry filling batch of 25 m and a cake volume of 10 m Such filters have a filtration area of 15 m and are suitable for fast filtering slurries that produce readily 0.5 m thick cakes. The basic configuration is shown in Figure 11. 

Machinery or processes where any movement of tools, machine elements or particles, or movement of personnel could result in collisions or tripping hazards... 

Specific procedural steps for shutting down, isolating, blocking and securing machines or equipment to control hazardous energy ... 

Do tagout devices warn against hazardous conditions if the machine or equipment is restarted or energized Do they contain a legend such as Do not start, etc [OSHA Reference, 147(c)(5)(iii)]... 

Are machines shut down in an orderly fashion before energy isolating devices are locked out or tagged so as to avoid any hazards to employees as a result of equipment deenergization [OSHA Reference. 147(d)(2)]... 

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