Requirements for Safeguards

Other of such standards which are useful are the EN 764-7 and EN 12952-10 Water-tube boilers and auxiliary installations - Requirements for safeguards against excessive pressure. Although its Annex ZA shows that it supports the PED clauses 2.11 and 7.3, this standard does not give any indication on the set pressure and the overpressure of the Safety Relief Valves, in which case one can refer back to the above. 

The consignor may also be required to provide evidence that measures to meet the requirements for safeguards and physical protection associated with radioactive nuclear material shipments are being complied with. 

Process Inventory Control. Spurred by the requirements for safeguarding materials, various techniques (e.g., in-line monitors, tracer techniques, and methods of nondestructive assay) are being developed to promote accurate measurement of the quantity of fissile materials in a process. These developments will provide a basis for future in-line computer systems that will provide a continuous estimate of the fissile inventory in process vessels and forecast the results of process transients and upsets. 

Power-transmission apparatus located in basements. All mechanical power transmission apparatus located in basements, towers, and rooms used exclusively for power transmission equipment shall be guarded in accordance with this section, except that the requirements for safeguarding belts, pulleys, and shafting need not be complied with when the following requirements are met ... 

The demand for domestic gas changes seasonally in temperate climates, and production levels reflect this change. For example a sudden cold day in Northern Europe causes a sharply increased requirement for gas, and gas sales contracts in this region will allow the purchaser to demand an instant increase (up to a certain maximum) from the supplier. To safeguard for seasonal swings, imported gas is frequently stored in underground... 

The rate (kinetics) and the completeness (fraction dissolved) of oxide fuel dissolution is an inverse function of fuel bum-up (16—18). This phenomenon becomes a significant concern in the dissolution of high bum-up MO fuels (19). The insoluble soHds are removed from the dissolver solution by either filtration or centrifugation prior to solvent extraction. Both financial considerations and the need for safeguards make accounting for the fissile content of the insoluble soHds an important challenge for the commercial reprocessor. If hydrofluoric acid is required to assist in the dissolution, the excess fluoride ion must be complexed with aluminum nitrate to minimize corrosion to the stainless steel used throughout the facility. Also, uranium fluoride complexes are inextractable and formation of them needs to be prevented. 

FPN No. 3) Certain chemical atmospheres may have characteristics that require safeguards beyond those required for any of the above groups. Carbon disulfide is one of these chemicals because of its low ignition temperature [100°C (212°F)] and the small joint clearance permitted to arrest its flame. 

In addition to the use of such manual valves, automatically operated valves may be considered as an additional safeguard in certain installations. These can be connected to (among other interlocks) panic buttons sited within the building, which they are protecting. This is a recommended requirement for buildings containing plant of over 2 MW total heat input and supplied with gas at above 1 bar. 

The requirement for safety precautions when operating or working on all types of machinery cannot be overstressed, in that the likelihood of an accident occurring on moving machinery is invariably high. It is essential that all these who work on such machines are adequately trained as to the operation and the safeguards fitted. Regulations that must be complied with include ... 

Table 15.13. This specification follows good industrial practice, with additional safeguards in rinsing to remove residues to treatment solutions. Nonaccelerated treatments must be followed by a single rinse which may contain chromate accelerated treatments must be followed by three rinses—cold water, hot water and a final chromate rinse. Table 15.14 shows the salt-spray test requirements for phosphate coatings with various finishes without formation of rust the paints and lacquer have the additional requirement that no rust shall be visible beyond 0-2 in (5 mm) from the deliberate scratches and no blistering, lifting or flaking beyond 0-05 in (1-27 mm) from the original boundaries of the scratches.

PERMIT-TO-WORK A document needed when the safeguards provided in normal production are unavailable and the manner in which a job is done is critical to safety. Identifies conditions required for safe operation. 

Another requirement of the PSM Standard is that the employer conduct process hazard analysis, which OSHA defines as an organized and systematic effort to identify and analyze the significance of potential hazards associated with the processing or handling of highly hazardous chemicals. The analysis must identify the hazards of the process and necessary safeguards however, the standard does not explicitly define requirements for addressing reactive hazards. 

The FDA is announcing the Agency s policy on the development and use of standards with respect to international harmonization of regulatory requirements and guidelines. Specifically, the policy is intended to address the conditions under which the FDA plans to participate with standards bodies outside of the FDA, domestic or international, in the development of standards applicable to products regulated by the FDA. The policy also covers the conditions under which the FDA intends to use the resultant standards, or other available domestic or international standards, in fulfilling its statutory mandates for safeguarding the public health. 

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