Hazard and operability studies HAZOPs

Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP) A systematic qualitative technique to identify process hazards and potential operating problems using a series of guide words to study process deviations. 

The incidents listed earlier in this chapter and many others could have been foreseen if the design had been subjected to a hazard and operability study (hazop). This technique allows people to let their imaginations go free and think of all possible ways in which hazards or operating problems might arise. But to reduce the chance that something is missed. 

An opportimity for error recovery would have been to implement a checking stage by a supervisor or independent worker, since this was a critical maintenance operation. However, this had not been done. Another aspect of the unforgiving environment was the vulnerability of the system to a single human error. The fact that the critical water jacket flow was dependent upon a single pump was a poor design that would have been detected if a hazard identification technique such as a hazard and operability study (HAZOP) had been used to assess the design. 

All of these factors determine the stress experienced by the workers and the extent to which operational errors will be recovered before disastrous consequences have ensued. In this context, hazard identification techniques, such as hazard and operability studies (HAZOP), failure modes and effects and criticality analysis (FMECA), fault trees, and others are useful in making the process environment more forgiving. 

A hazard and operability study (HAZOP) was used to identify potential hazards, the most serious of which is aii unrecoverable release from the storage tank. 

Hazard Analysis Report - Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP), failure mode and effect analysis, quantitative fault tree analysis or what/if check list (sec Part IV for details in theses subjects)... 

Many of the safety considerations discussed above can be better understood by performing a Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP). HAZOP is covered in detail in Part IV of this book. 

All extensive treatment is provided in Section 15.7 since Hazard and Operability Studies (HAZOP) are perhaps tlie most often used and successful tecluiique for identifying hazards and hazardous events. 

A hazard and operability study (HAZOP) is a systematic approach to recognizing and identifying possible hazards that may cause failure of a piece of equipment in new or e. isting facilities. This qualitative enterprise is conducted by a team of technical c.Kpcrts in plant design and operation, plus other e.vperts, as required. 

Another qualitative approach to recognizing imd identifying possible hazards that may cause problems is a hazard and operability study (HAZOP). By identifying the goals of the study and by using guide words, a comprehensive report on the safety of a system can be created. 

Hazard and operability studies (HAZOP), 396, 399 Hazard classification, 443, 452, 453, 455, 469, 477, 478 Hazard warning labels, 394, 446, 447, 452, 461, 464 Hazardous reactions. See Chemical reaction Corrosion ... 

Hazard and Operability Studies (HAZOP) Other methods... 

Other examples of inductive tools that have limited application in incident investigation include failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA), hazard and operability study (HAZOP), and event tree analysis (ETA). These are detailed in the CCPS book, Guidelines for Hazard Evaluation Procedures... 

Most hazard identification procedures have the capability of providing information related to the scenario. This includes the safety review, what-if analysis, hazard and operability studies (HAZOP), failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA), and fault tree analysis. Using these procedures is the best approach to identifying these scenarios. 

Technical and trade organizations are concerned with safety and the environment. The Chlorine Institute in North America and Euro Chlor in Western Europe are examples of organizations dedicated to the safe production, transport, and use of chlorine. Hazard and operability studies (HAZOP) reviews for new designs, plants, and expansions (135) have become required by policy in many operating companies. Papers on safety and environmental subjects are given at most technical meetings (136—138). 

A fundamental objective of a computer system applied to automate a pharmaceutical GMP operation is to ensure the quality attributes of the drug product are upheld throughout the manufacturing process. It is therefore important that quality-critical parameters are determined and approved early in the validation life cycle. The exercise should be undertaken to a written procedure with base information from the master product/production record file examined and quality-critical parameter values and limits documented and approved for the process and its operation. In addition, the process and instrument diagrams (P IDs) should be reviewed to confirm the measurement and control components that have a direct impact on the quality-critical parameters and data. This exercise should be carried out by an assessment team made up of user representatives with detailed knowledge of both the computer system application and process, and with responsibility for product quality, system operational use, maintenance, and project implementation. This exercise may be conducted as part of an initial hazard and operability study (HAZOP) and needs to confirm the quality-related critical parameters for use in (or referenced by) the computer control system URS. 

The rest of this section outlines the core sub-processes to support safety analyses (compare [F. Redmill, (2004)], [N. G. Leveson, (2004)], [Ch. Blechinger, (2004)], [J. Zalewski and all, (2003)]). The processes place techniques, such as Hazard And Operability Studies (HAZOP), Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), into context. 

The process hazards analysis is conducted by an experienced, multidisciplinary team that examines the process design, plant equipment, operating procedures, and so on, using techniques such as hazard and operability studies (HAZOP), failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA), and others. The process hazards analysis recommends appropriate measures to reduce the risk, including (but not limited to) the safety interlocks to be implemented in the safety interlock system. 

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