Ground Water and Soils

ASTM Standards on Ground Water and Vadose Zone Investigations American Society for Testing and Materials, 1992, ISBN 0-8031-1759-0, 162 pages, 46. 

Contents include organic compounds in refined fuels and fuel oils, indigenous microorganisms, microbial degradation and transformation of compounds, enhancing biodegradation, and Imitations of biodegradation. 

Cleanup of Petroleum Contaminated Soils at Underground Storage Tanks 

Paul T. Kostecki and Edward J. Calabrese, editors. Lewis Publishers, 

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In the early years of ground water and soil remediation, pump and treat was the conventional technology. Contaminated ground water is pumped to the surface where it is treated and reinjected or discharged to surface waters or wastewater treatment plants. Reinjection maybe used to stimulate in situ... 

Palmer C.D., Puls R.W. Natural attenuation of hexavalent chromium in ground water and soils. EPA/540/S-94/505, 1994. 

Transport of Adsorbable Constituents in Ground Water and Soil Systems... 

Sims, R. G, Sims, J.L., Sorensen, D. L., Stevens, D. K., Huling, S. G., Bledsoe, B. E., Matthews, J. E. Pope, D. (1994). Performance evaluation of full-scale in situ and ex situ bioremediation of creosote wastes in ground water and soils. In Proceedings, Symposium on Bioremediation of Hazardous Wastes Research, Development and Field Evaluations, pp. 35-9- EPA/600/R-94/075. Cincinnati, OH US EPA. 

Daniel B. Stephens Associates, Inc. (DBS A). (1995). Ground-Water and Soil Reclamation System Installation Summary, Artesia Maintenance Patrol Yard. Prepared for New Mexico State Highway and Transportation Department, District 2 Office, Roswell, New Mexico, November 28, 1995. 

Willis, G.H., Hamilton, R.A. (1973) Agricultural chemicals in surface runoff, ground water, and soil 1. Emdrin.. /. Environ. Qual. 2, 463. 

Special handling provisions are foreseen for those chemicals classified as dangerous to the environment. Do not allow the substance to enter the drainage system, surface water, ground water, and soil. Therefore, storage must be severely controlled. The release of the substance in the environment is severely banned and reference to local/national rules/laws must be followed. 

Surface Complex Formation, Ion Exchange, and Transport in Ground-water and Soil Systems The retardation equation can also be applied to inorganic soluble substances (ions, radionuclides, metals). But here we have to consider, in addition to the sorption or ion exchange process, that the speciation of metal ions or ligands in a multicomponent system influences the specific sorption process and varies during the pollutant transport in the groundwater chemistry then becomes an important part of the transport. 

D. Kinniburgh and P. Smedley, Trace Element Contamination of Ground-waters and Soils, Environ. Chem. Group Newsletter, Roy. Soc. Chem. 10, 2-4, July (1999). 

The focus of this chapter is on the geochemistry of stream humic substances and should provide the reader with an appreciation of the dynamics, importance, and uniqueness of streams within the hydrologic system. Streams should not be envisioned only as arteries connecting lake, ground water, and soil environments (which are considered in previous chapters) with estuaries and oceans (which are presented in following chapters), nor as integrators of humic substances from upgradient, but rather they should be viewed as a different and unique aquatic environment where stream humic substances also have a dififerent and unique character. 

DOE. 1993. Selenium in Oklahoma ground water and soil. Quarterly report No. 6 to the U.S. Department of Energy. DOE/PC/89782-T6. DE92-018300. 

Worker health and safety are among the basic considerations in a ground-water investigation of chemicals with harmful properties. However, most instances of pesticide contamination other than losses of free product, involve ground-water and soil concentrations much lower than those posing an immediate occupational health threat. 

Weintraub, R.A. Jex, G.W. Moye, H.A. "Degradation of 1,2-Dibromoethane in Florida Ground Water and Soil, American Chemical Society 189th National Meeting, PEST 110, Florida, 1985. 

Air Quality, 3 Drinking Water, 14 Ground Water and Soils, 20 Industrial Wastewater, 46 Municipal Wastewater, 52 Pollution Prevention, 59 Risk Assessment, 71 Treatment and Disposal, 75 Water Quality, 98... 

Topics presented indude analysis of poKutants, soil physics, and environmental fate remediation techniques health effects regulations and case studies. A special section is included on petroleum contamination in ground water and soils. 

Ground Water and Soil Contamination Remediation Toward Compatible Science, Policy, and Public Perception... 

Surface Water, Ground Water, and Soil Permeability... 

Being volatile substances, all solvents inevitably evaporate and pass as harmful substances into the atmosphere [14.117]-[14.120]. They may also affect waterways, lakes, rivers, ground water, and soil. Anthropogenic organic emissions total ca. 12 million ij-d in the EC of this, 30% stems from the use of solvents and 45% from the transport and traffic sector (Corinair Study 1990, Inventaire europeen des emissions). 

The total reserve of water on the earth is about 13.8 x io tonnes, 97% of which is seawater. Within the remaining 3% of fresh water, 70% is distributed at the North Pole, South Pole or plateaus in the form of glaeiers and icecaps, and the other 30% of fresh water is under the surfaee of the Earth as ground water and soil water. Water in lakes and swamps aeeounts for 0.29%, rivers 0.01% and the atmosphere covers 0.04%. Only 0.2% of the total water on the earth is available to mankind, including river water, fresh lake water and shallow ground water. Therefore, fresh water is a preeious and limited resource. ... 

SPH has been employed to remove TCE and TCA from the subsurface at a former manufacturing facility near Chicago, Illinois. Since 1991 combined steam injection with both ground water and soil vapor extraction had resulted in significant mass removal, but had left behind three hot spot areas after seven years of operation. These areas, which contained DNAPL in tight heterogeneous soil, were treated in less than four months by SPH. 

Leak detection and leak location using radiotracer techniques are probably the most widespread applications of radiotracers in industrial troubleshooting. Leaks create problems in process plants or in pipelines, spoil the quality of the final product or reduce the capacity of oil and gas pipelines and contamination of surface or ground water and soil could also happen (IAEA, 2009) (IAEA, 2004). 

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