Glutathion transferase

Di Ilio C, Sacchetta P, lannarelli V, et al. 1995. Binding of pesticides to alpha, mu and pi class glutathione transferase. Toxicol Lett 76 173-177. 

Apart from monooxygenases, other enzymes concerned wih xenobiotic metabolism may also be induced. Some examples are given in Table 2.5. Induction of glucuronyl transferases is a common response and is associated with phenobarbital-type induction of CYP family 2. Glutathione transferase induction is also associated with this. A variety of compounds, including epoxides such as stilbene oxide and... 

Oakley AJ, Lo Bello M, Battistoni A, Ricci G, Rossjohn J, Villar HO, et al. The structures of human glutathione transferase Pl-1 in complex with glutathione and various inhibitors at high resolution. J Mol Biol 1997 274 84-100. 

Oakley AJ, Lo Bello M, Mazzetti AP, Federici G, Parker MW. The glutathione conjugate of ethacrynic acid can bind to human pi class glutathione transferase Pl-1 in two different modes. FEES Lett 1997 419 32-6. 

Ji X, Tordova M, O Donnell R, Parsons JF, Hayden JB, Gilliland GL, et al. Structnre and function of the xenobiotic substrate-binding site and location of a potential non-substrate-binding site in a class pi glutathione -transferase. Biochemistry 1997 36 9690-702. 

SHEEHAN D, MEADE G, FOLEY V M and DOWD 0 A (2001) Structure, function and evolution of glutathione transferases implications for classification of non-mammalian members of an ancient enzyme superfamily , Biochem J, 360 1-16. 

LIN H J, PROBST-HENSCH N M, LOUIE A D, KAU I H, WITTE J S, INGLES S A, FRANKL H D, LEE E R and HAILE R w (1998) Glutathione transferase null genotype, broccoli and lower prevalence of colorectal adenomas . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 7 647-52. 

The assessment of clearance is complicated by the numerous mechanisms by which compounds may be cleared from the body. These mechanisms include oxidative metabolism, most commonly by CYP enzymes, but also in some cases by other enzymes including but not limited to monoamine oxidases (MAO), flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMO), and aldehyde oxidase [45, 46], Non-oxidative metabolism such as conjugation or hydrolysis may be effected by enzymes such as glucuronyl transferases (UGT), glutathione transferases (GST), amidases, esterases, or ketone reductases, as well as other enzymes [47, 48], In addition to metabolic pathways, parent compound may be excreted directly via passive or active transport processes, most commonly into the urine or bile. 

Hayes, JD, Flanagan, JU, and Jowsey, IR, 2005. Glutathione transferases. Anna Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 45, 51-88. 

P. H., Cytochrome P 450 isoenzymes, epoxide hydrolase and glutathione transferases in rat and human hepatic and extrahepatic tissues, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1990, 253, 387-394. 

Volume 401. Glutathione Transferases and Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidases Edited by Helmut Sies and Lester Packer... 

In a study on another manganese enzyme, glutathione transferase, the Hoffmann group has proposed Q-band dispersion EPR at the unusually low temperature of 2 K as the optimal approach to collect data from Mn11 centers with D hv (Smoukov et al. 2002). This proposal would be practically limited by the fact that Q-band spectrometers running at 2 K can be counted on the fingers of one finger however, dispersion spectra are readily obtained in Q-band also at helium-flow temperatures (i.e., T>4.2K). 

Ji, X., von Rosenvinge, E.C., Johnson, W.W., Tomarev, S.I., Piadgorsky, J., Armstrong, R.N., and Gilliland, G.L. (1995) Three-dimensional structure, catalytic properties, and evolution of a sigma class glutathione transferase from squid, a progenitor of the lens S-crystallins of cephalopods. Biochemistry 34(16), 5317-5328. 

Coles, B. and Ketterer, B. 1990. The role of glutathione and glutathione transferases in chemical carcinogenesis. Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 25 47. 

Tsuchida, S., Maki, T., Sato, K., Purification and characterization of glutathione transferases with an activity toward nitroglycerin from human aorta and heart. J. Biol. Chem. 265 (1990), p. 7150-7157... 

Tahir, M. K., Guthenberg, C., Mannevik, B., Inhibitors for distinction of three types of human glutathione transferase. FEBS Lett. 

R., Peterson, T. E., Harrison, D. G., Nitroglycerin metabolism in vascular tissue role of glutathione transferases and relationship between NO and N02 formation. Biochem. J. 292... 

Meyer, D. J., Kramer, H., Ketterer B., Human glutathione transferase catalysis of the formation of S-nitrosoglutathione from organic nitrites plus glutathione. FEBS Lett. 351 (1994), p. 427-428... 

Akerboom, T. P. M., Ji, Y., Wagner G., Sies, H., Subunit specificity and organ distribution of glutathione transferase-catalysed S-nitrosoglutathione formation from alkyl nitrites in the rat. Biochem. Phamacol. 53 (1996), p. 117-120... 

Ji,Y., Akerboom,T.P.M., Sies, H., Microsomal formation of S-nitrosoglutathione from organic nitrites possible role of membrane-bound glutathione transferase. Biochem. J. 313 (1996), p. 377-380... 

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