Microsomes, glutathione S-transferases

Datta, J. and Samanta, T. B. Characterization of a novel microsomal glutathione S-transferase produced by Aspergillus ochraceus TS. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 1992, 118 31-38. 

Flaenen GRMM, Bermeulen NPE, Taai Tin Tsoi JNL, et al. 1988. Activation of the microsomal glutathione-S-transferase and reduction of the gultathione dependent protection against lipid peroxidation by acrolein. Biochem Pharmacol 37 1933-1938. 

A15. Aniya, Y., and Anders, M. W., Activation of rat liver microsomal glutathione S-transferase by reduced oxygen species. J. Biol. Chem. 264, 1998-2002 (1989). 

Marks, F., and Hecker, E., Metabolism and mechanism of action of oestrogens XII. Structure and mechanism of formation of water-soluble and protein bound metabolites of oestrone in rat-liver microsomes in vitro and in vivo. Biochim. Biophy.s. Acta 187, 250-265 (1969). Masukawa, T., and Iwata, H., Possible regulation mechanism of microsomal glutathione S-transferase activity in rat liver. Biochem. Pharmacol. 35, 435-438 (1986). 

McLellan, L. L, Wolf, C. R., and Hayes, J. D., Human microsomal glutathione S-transferase Its involvement in the conjugation of hexachlorobuta-1,3-diene with glutathione. Biochem. J. 258, 87-93 (1989). 

M21. Morgenstem, R., DePierre, J. W., and Emster, L., Activation of microsomal glutathione S-transferase activity by sulfhydryl reagents. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 87, 657-663 (1979). 

M23. Morgenstem, R., Guthenberg, C., and DePierre, J. W Microsomal glutathione S-transferase. Purification, initial characterization and demonstration that is not identical to the cytosolic glutathione S-transferases A, B and C. Eur. J. Biochem. 128, 243-248 (1982). 

Pflugmacher, S., Wiegand, C., Werner, S., Schroder, H. and Kankaanpaa, H. Activity and substrate specificity of cytosolic and microsomal glutathione S-transferase in Australian black tiger prawns (Penaeus monodon) after exposure to cyanobacterial toxins, Environ. Toxicol., 20(3), 301, 2005. 

The reaction of glutathione with haloalkenes is catalysed by both microsomal and cytosolic glutathione S-transferases (Vamvakas et al. 1989, Koob and DeKant 1990, Jin et al. 1996) or, in some cases, exclusively by cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (DeKant et al. 1998, Lash et al. 1998). The energy of the lowest uncoupled molecular orbital (Elumo) values for haloalkenes were inversely related to the specific activity of the microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1-catalyzed reaction but not the cytosolic glutathione S-transferase-catalyzed reaction (Jolivette and Anders 2002). 

Piemonte, F Caccuri, A. M. Morgenstem, R. Rosa to, N. Federici, G. Aggregation of pyrene-labeled microsomal glutathione S-transferase. Effect of concentration. Eur. J. Biochem. 1993, 277, 661-663. 

Chung, S-J., Chong, S., Seth, P., Jung, C. Y., Fung, H-L., Conversion of nitroglycerin to nitric oxide in microsomes of the bovine coronary artery smooth muscle is not primarily mediated by glutathione S-transferases. J. Pharmacol.Exp. 

Enzymatic conversion of nitrite to RSNOs has been reported. Glutathione-S-transferase catalyzed generation of RSNOs from organic nitrites was initially demonstrated in rat liver microsomes (Ji et ah, 1996). Subsequently, this activity has been identified in the rat heart and lung GSTs (Akerboom et al., 1997). 

J. G. Hengstler, M. Arand, M. E. Herrero, F. Oesch, Polymorphism of A-Acetyltransfe-rase, Glutathione S-Transferases, Microsomal Epoxide Hydrolase and Sulfotransferase Influence on Cancer Susceptibility , Recent Results Cancer Res. 1998, 154, 47 - 85. 

Wolf CR, Berry PN, Nash JA, et al. 1984. Role of microsomal and cytosolic glutathione S-transferases in the conjugation of hexachloro-1 3-butadiene and its possible relevance to toxicity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 228 202-208. 

Mukhtar, H., R.M. Philpot, and J.R. Bend. The postnatal development of microsomal epoxide hydrase, cytosolic glutathione S-transferase, and mitochondrial and microsomal cytochrome P-450 in adrenals and ovaries of female rats. Drug Metab. Dispos. 6 577-583, 1978. 

Figure 22-3. Transport and hepatic metabolism of bilirubin. Bilirubin that is produced in phagocytes is transported to liver as an albumin-bilirubin complex. Uptake into the hepatocytes takes place in liver sinusoids. Within the hepatocyte, bilirubin is transported to the endoplasmic reticulum (microsomes) bound to glutathione S-transferase (GST). Bilirubin is made water soluble by addition of one or two glucuronic acid moieties obtained from UPD-glucuronic acid, catalyzed by bilirubin-UDP-glucuronyltransferase. The product, conjugated bilirubin, is transported across the bile canalicular membrane for secretion into the biliary system, with subsequent movement into the intestines.

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