Enzyme superfamilies

Babbit, P.C., et al. A functionally diverse enzyme superfamily that abstracts the a protons of carboxylic acids. Science 267 1159-1161, 1995. 

SHEEHAN D, MEADE G, FOLEY V M and DOWD 0 A (2001) Structure, function and evolution of glutathione transferases implications for classification of non-mammalian members of an ancient enzyme superfamily , Biochem J, 360 1-16. 

Cytochrome c and ubiquinol oxidases are part of an enzyme superfamily coupling oxidation of ferrocytochrome c (in eukaryotes) and ubiquinol (in prokaryotes) to the 4 e /4 reduction of molecular oxygen to H2O. After this introduction, we will concentrate on the cytochrome c oxidase enzyme. The two enzymes, cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) and ubiquinol oxidase, are usually defined by two criteria (1) The largest protein subunit (subunit I) possesses a high degree of primary sequence similarity across many species (2) members possess a unique bimetallic center composed of a high-spin Fe(II)/(III) heme in close proximity to a copper ion. Cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) is the terminal... 

The cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzyme superfamily is the primary phase I enzyme system involved in the oxidative metabolism of drugs and other chemicals. These enzymes also are responsible for all or part of the metabolism and synthesis of a number of endogenous compounds, such as steroid hormones and prostaglandins. 

J. A. Gerlt and P. C. Babbitt, Mechanistically diverse enzyme superfamilies the importance of chemistry in the evolution of catalysis, Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 1998, 2, 607-612. 

Sulfation and sulfate conjugate hydrolysis, catalyzed by various members of the sul-fotransferases (SULT) and sulfatase enzyme superfamilies, play important roles in the... 

RH Lambalot, AM Gehring, RS Flugel, P Zuber, M LaCelle, MA Marahiel, R Reid, C Khosla, CT Walsh. A new enzyme superfamily—the phosphopantetheinyl transferases. Chem Biol 3 923-936, 1996. 

Jessani N, Young JA, Diaz SL et al (2005) Class assignment of sequence-unrelated members of enzyme superfamilies by activity-based protein profiling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 44 2400-2403... 

Shuman S, Lima CD (2004) The polynucleotide ligase and RNA capping enzyme superfamily of covalent nucleotidyltransferases. Curr Opin Struct Biol 14 757-764. doi 10.1016/ j.sbi.2004.10.006... 

Some Examples of Enzyme Superfamilies Whose Members Mediate a Common Fundamental... 

Major structural proteins related to enzymes by gene recruitment. Italics indicates examples of demonstrated or probable identity between crystal-lin and enzyme. In other cases the ciystallin belongs to an enzyme superfamily but is not identical to a known enzyme. BCPS4 is a corneal protein that may have been recruited by the same mechanism as the crystallins. For references, see Ref. 7. 

Ubiquitous glycosylated carboxylesterases (CarbE, EC 3.1.1.1), formerly named ali-esterases, are B-esterases belonging to the multigene enzyme superfamily of a/P hydrolases (Hosokawa and Satoh, 2006 Satoh and Hosokawa, 2006). In principle this class of isozymes plays a major role in pharmacokinetics by hydrolytic biotransformation of exogenous ester-drugs and ester-prodrugs. However, their physiological fimction still remains unclear (Satoh and Hosokawa, 2006). 

The six members of the cytochrome P450 enzyme superfamily that are primarily responsible for Phase I... 

Hanoune, J., Y. Pouille, E. Tzavara, T. Shen, L. Lipskaya, N. Miyamoto, Y. Suzuki, and N. Defer. Adenylyl cyclases structure, regulation and function in an enzyme superfamily. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 128 ... 

Chiang, R.A., Sali, A., and Babbitt, P.C. (2008) Evolutionarily conserved substrate substructures for automated annotation of enzyme superfamilies. PLoS Comput. Biol. 4, el000142. 

Branchini BR, Murtiashaw MH, Magyar RA, Anderson SM. The role of lysine 529, a conserved residue of the acyl-adenylate-forming enzyme superfamily, in firefly luciferase. Biochemistry 2000 39 5433-40. 

Babbitt, P.C. Gerlt, J.A. (1997) Understanding enzyme superfamilies chemistry as the fundamental determinant in the evolution of new catalytic activities. J. Biol. Chem. 27, 30,591-30,594. An interesting description of the evolution of enzymes with different catalytic specificities, and the use of a limited repertoire of protein structural motifs. 

Wistow, G. J., and Piatigorsky, J. (1990). Gene conversion and splice-site slippage in the argini-nosucccinate lyases/8-crystallins of the duck lens Members of an enzyme superfamily. Gene 96,263-270. 

Class Assignment of Sequence-unrelated Members of Enzyme Superfamilies... 

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