X-ray dispersion spectra

Figure 4. X-ray dispersion spectra of PNF exposed to isotonic saline, and washed. Dispersion peaks from left to right are sodium, phosphorus, and...

Figure 5. X-ray dispersion spectra of the phase-mixed (chloroform-cast) copolymer (Figure 3) exposed to isotonic saline and washed. The peaks correspond to sodium, osmium, and chlorine.

Figure 3.4. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis spectra of an alumina membrane layer (a) before fouling and (b) after fouling.

FIGURE 7.19 Small-angle X-ray scattering spectra of solutions of [DMDOHEMA] = 0.7 M in various solvents (x) extractant reverse micelles in dodecane or extractant dispersed in structured solvent (A) for dodecane octanoi= 24/76 and (O) octanol. (From F. Testard, P. Bauduin, L. Martinet, B. Abecassis, L. Berthon, and C. Madic, Radiochim. Acta, 96 1-8, 2008. With permission.)... 

Approximate average composition (mole %) determined from CCSEM energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectra was 37% Ca, 8% Mg,... 

Vekemans B, Jannsens K, Vincze L, Adams F and van Espen F 1995 Comparison of several background compensation methods useful for evaluation of energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectra Spectrochim. Acta B 50 149... 

Fig. 3a-c Experimental set-ups for measuring X-ray absorption spectra, a Standard transmission experiment b set-up for fluorescence yield measurements c set-up for electron yield measurements placed in an ultra-high vacuum (UHV). So Synchrotron X-ray source, M double-crystal monochromator IC ionization chamber Sa sample RS reference sample for energy calibration, x fluorescence X-rays FD fluorescence detector (typically an energy-dispersive solid-state X-ray detector) e electrons emanated from the sample eD detector for electrons (typically a scintillation counter) s/scattering foil which scatters a small part of the X-ray beams into the X-ray detector (xD), so that the intensity of the incoming beam can be measured... 

Surface Characterization. Several analytical methods were used in characterizing the modified polymer surfaces. Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectra and electron micrographs of the surfaces were obtained using a JEOL JSM-IC848 scanning electron microscope in order to confirm the presence of phosphorus and chlorine. 

It was only in 1992-1993 that we finally found out after an in-depth evaluation of the interactions between various metal surfaces and coatings of polyaniline (applied as pure dispersion or as dispersion paints) that together with a remarkable corrosion potential shift (ermobling) and an iron oxide layer formation (passivation) lead to a significant anticorrosion effect [71]. In a study together with Elsenbaumer et al. [72], we discovered that the corrosion rate was reduced by a factor of up to 10,000. The iron oxide that formed between the metal surface and the polyaniline primer coating was determined to be Fe203, later confirmed with even clearer x-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) [23b]. 

Fig. 1. X-ray emission spectra of 1 pm-thick siloxene and poiygermyne films as obtained by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The peaks correspond to the K lines of the respective elements, with the exception of...

Figure 8 Dispersive X-ray fiuorescence spectra of dry fiims of different lacquers. Experimental conditions rhodium anticathode stainless steel holder UF200 analyzer crystal 150 pm collimator and flow detector.

Bael T, Scherson DA (1998) In situ real-time Pt L-III-edge x-ray absorption spectra of carbon monoxide adsorbed on platinum particles dispersed in high-area carbon in aqueous electrolytes. J Electrochem Soc 145 80-83... 

In the case of polyaniline doped with d,Z-camphorsulfonate the secondary dopant m-cresol leads to conductivities as high as 400 S/cm. - This is due to a strong increase in crystallinity of the prepared films. Already in the dispersion an increase in viscosity was observed hinting at an increase in the hydrodynamic volume of the polymer chain. X-ray diffraction spectra of films clearly show the formation of crystals upon the addition of the secondary dopant. 

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