Genus/genera

Order No. of families Main family/families Main genus/genera... 

Abaca. The abaca fiber is obtained from the leaves of the banana-like plant (same genus) Musa textilis (banana family, Musaceae). The fiber is also called Manila hemp from the port of its first shipment, although it has no relationship with hemp, a bast fiber. The mature plant has 12—20 stalks growing from its rhizome root system the stalks are 2.6—6.7 m tall and 10—20 cm thick at the base. The stalk has leaf sheaths that expand iato leaves 1—2.5 m long, 10—20 cm wide, and 10 mm thick at the center the fibers are ia the outermost layer. The plant produces a crop after five years, and 2—4 stalks can be harvested about every six months. 

Large-scale SCP production processes for growing yeasts of the genus Candida from hydrocarbon substrates were developed by British Petroleum Co., Ltd. and Kanegafuchi Chemical Industry, Ltd. of Japan (57). However, the 100,000-t/yr capacity plants based on these processes, and constmcted in Sardinia and Italy, were abandoned because of regulatory agency questions regarding residual hydrocarbon contents of the products (2,3). 

The FDA first approved use of a polyether ionophore as a feed additive for catde ia 1975. Ionophores were first isolated from bacteria generally of the Streptomjces genus, but are produced commercially by bacterial fermentation (qv). Monensia [17090-79-8] and other ionophores are being fed to over 90% of feedlot cattle grown for beef (53) to enhance efficiency of gain improvements of 5—10% are common. Ionophores also are used as anticoccidial dmgs ia poultry production and have similar, but lesser, effects ia mminants (54). 

Psyllium Seed Gum. PsyUium seed gum [8036-16-9] is derived from plants of the genus Plantago several species of which are used as commercial sources. However, most current production is from Plantago ovata grown in India. The gum is located in the coat which is removed by cracking. The gum is then extracted with boiling water and separated from the insoluble residue by filtration. It consists of mixtures of both neutral and acidic polysaccharides, the composition of which is species dependent (66). 

Xanthan gum [11138-66-2] is an anionic heteropolysaccharide produced by several species of bacteria in the genus Aanthomonas A. campestris NRRL B-1459 produces the biopolymer with the most desirable physical properties and is used for commercial production of xanthan gum (see Gums). This strain was identified in the 1950s as part of a program to develop microbial polysaccharides derived from fermentations utilizing com sugar (333,334). The primary... 

The water fern is unique in being the only known fern genus to associate symbioticaHy with a N -fixing cyanobacterium, Jinabaena a Uae. It is... 

P. G. Genus, The Physics ofUquid Cystals, Qarendon Press, Oxford, England, 1974 G. J. Sprokel, ed.. The Physics and Chemisty ofUquid Cystal Devices, Plenum Press, New York, 1980. 

Table 4. Genus Names of Molds, Yeasts, and Bacteria Inhibited by Sorbates ...

Family Genus and species Principal production areas Uses... 

Nonabsorbable Natural Sutures. Cotton and silk are the only nonabsorbable sutures made from natural fibers that are stiH available ia the United States. Cotton suture is made from fibers harvested from various species of plants belonging to the genus Gossipium. The fiber is composed principally of ceUulose. The seeds are separated from the cotton boUs, which are carded, combed, and spun iato yams that are then braided or twisted to form sutures ia a range of sizes (Table 4). The suture is bleached with hydrogen peroxide and subsequendy coated (finished or glaced) with starch and wax. The suture may be white or dyed blue with D C Blue No. 9. 

Acetic Acid. Ethyl alcohol is converted to acetic acid by air oxidation catalyzed by the enzymes within bacteria of the genus yAcetobacter... 

Several economically useful peptide antibiotics are produced by members of the bacterial genus bacillus. 

Class Representative family Mechanism Genus or species... 

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