Chrysanthemum genus

Pyrethroids are synthetic analogs of derivatives of chrysanthemic acid, 25.6, naturally occurring in plants of the Chrysanthemum genus. The naturally extracted materials, pyrethrin I and II (25.7, 25.8), have been modified for better activity in compounds such as permethrin, 25.9, and deltamethrin, 25.10. They are toxic to cats and to aquatic life but have otherwise generally low toxicity to mammals and are broken down rapidly in the environment. They are widely used as domestic insecticides. You should note that although a single stereoisomer... 

From a public health perspective, the most important group of monoterpenes is the insecticidal pyrethrins, which are harvested from the dried heads of flowers in the Chrysanthemum genus, used in mosquito coils and sprays. The pyrethrins are a pair of natural organic compounds that... 

The safflower plant is a member of the Compositae family. Other members of this family are the artichoke, chrysanthemum, niger, and sunflower. There are at least 25 species of the Carthamus genus that grow in the wild (18), but only C. tinc-torius, which we call safflower, has been domesticated some quantities of C. oxyacantha have been gathered and used as oil or food sources in India and Pakistan (19). 

Tanacetum parthenium Schulz-Bip, formerly Chrysanthemum parthenium (L.) Bernh, Leucanthemum parthenium (L.) Gren and Gordon, Pyrethum parthenium (L.) Sm also described as a member of the genus Matricaria (1,4) featherfew, altamisa, bachelor s button, featherfoil, febrifuge plant, midsummer daisy, nosebleed, Santa Maria, wild chamomile, wild quinine (1), amargosa, flirtwort, manzanilla, mutterkraut, varadika (4). 

Pyrethrins, such as jasmolin II below), are a group of natural compounds synthesized by flowers of the genus Chrysanthemum (known as pyrethrum flowers) to act as insecticides. 

Since 2500 BC, farmers have used pesticides to prevent damage to their crops. The first known pesticide was elemental sulfur, used to dust crops in Sumeria about 4500 years ago. By the fifteenth century, pesticides containing arsenic, mercury, and lead were being applied to crops. In the seventeenth century, nicotine was extracted from tobacco leaves as nicotine sulfate for use as an insecticide. In the nineteenth century, two more natural pesticides were introduced pyrethrum (extracted from chrysanthemums) and rotenone (extracted from the roots and stems of several tropical and subtropical plant species of the genus Lonchocarpus or Derris) [Miller (21A46)]. 

Pyrethrins (such as 96 and 97, Fig. 19.21 and 19.22) are of special interest because of their insecticidal properties and ecomonic importance (Mabry and Gill, 1979). These compounds are isolated from the genus Chrysanthemum (sometimes segregated as species of Pyrethrum, or transferred to the genus Tanacetum). Several species are cultivated and the flowers harvested and extracted with lipid solvents (such as petroleum ether) to yield a crude p3n-ethrin fraction. 

Pyrethrins are natural insecticides produced from extracts of pyrelhrum flowers (of the genus Chrysanthemum). 

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