Genera aspects

PF Fox. Cheese an overview. In PF Fox, ed. Cheese Chemistry, Physics, and Microbiology. Volume 1 Genera] Aspects. Essex Elsevier Applied Science, 1987, pp 1-32. 

Returning to the chemotaxonomic aspect of the stndy, however, it is interesting to note that recent work by Bakker et al. (1998) on rfccL and atpB sequences of Bieber-steinia place the genus close to Rutaceae. This position is fully supported by the flavonoids reported by Greenham et al. (2001), which are very similar to 0-methylated flavones known from well-studied members of Rutaceae, such as Citrus. 

The bis-carbazole alkaloids contain previously known monomeric carbazoles as structural subunits. All bis-carbazole alkaloids were isolated only from plants of the genus Murray a, until 1996, when clausenamine-A (203) (see Scheme 2.48) was isolated from the stem bark of C. excavata. The plant M. euchrestifolia is one of the richest sources of carbazole alkaloids. The bis-carbazoles often co-occur with monomeric carbazoles in the root bark, stem bark, and leaves of this plant (3,5-7,158,159). The aspect of atropisomerism for axially chiral, bis-carbazoles was considered only recently. Thus, in many cases it is not clear whether the isolated natural products are racemic or enantiomerically pure. Moreover, little attention has been paid to the relationship between their stereochemistry and biological activity. 

Next, we move to step 2 of the evaluation of the prior art. There is utility for the prior art genus and compounds they are reported to have activity as medicaments although a specific teaching regarding diabetes is not present. From In re Dillon, we know that the disclosure of any utility is enough to motivate one to modify the prior art structures. Had there been no disclosed utility for the compounds or if the disclosure had revealed an undesired activity or aspect of the compounds, then it is possible that a motivation to modify the prior art compounds would not have been present, but this is not the case here. 

The principles in (1) - (5) thus show that the underlying picture about the relationship between substance, form and body can be made precise. But it is really the underlying picture that is of interest. The picture is of a metaphysical principle, namely form, which is connected to two fundamental aspects of the world substance and motion. The presence of form confers both substantiality and the capacity for motion on a physical body. And its abstraction from body leaves something of a metaphysical shadow, a genus in die category of quantity, which can only have only accidental being. 

Biosynthetic studies, unlike the other studies, have not been pursued, possibly because of the technical difficulties of working with an aquatic plant that does not grow well in unnatural conditions. The chemotaxonomy of the genus Nuphar has been reviewed (2, 3). Biological and environmental aspects of Nuphar species have been discussed in a number of publications. 

Gerth, K., Pradella, S., Perlova, O., Beyer, S., and Muller, R. 2003. Myxobacteria proficient producer of novel natural products with various biological activities-past and future biotechnological aspects with the focus on the genus Sorangium. J. Bio-technol., 106(2-3), 233-253. 

MS, Young MCM. Ethnopharmacological, biological and chemical 43. aspects of the Cassia genus. Quim. Nova 2006 29 1279-1286. 

Brief reviews have appeared on the biological aspects of the genus Solanum and in particular 5. tuberosum. ... 

Cechinel Filho, V. Meyre-Silva, C. Niero, R., Chemical and pharmacological aspects of the genus Calophyllum, Chem. Biodivers., 2009, 6,313-327. 

Most of our knowledge on the interaction between UVR and mutualistic associations is based on studies on algal-invertebrate symbiosis, particularly on scleractinian corals and their endosymbiotic dinoflagellates, the so-called zooxanthellae from the genus Symbiodinium. Recently, the scientific literature on this topic has been extensively reviewed [33,62,63]. Here, I will only briefly highlight the most important aspects regarding potential population changes in this association as affected by UVR and review the information for other symbiotic relationships. 

The aim of this chapter is not only to provide a review of the distribution of xanthones in Hypericum genus, but also to cover some more specific aspects such as biosynthesis, chemotaxonomic significance, biological activities, and synthesis. 

Evans HC, Samson RA, The genus Verticillium taxonomic problems in species with invertebrate hosts. In Samson RA, Vlak JM, Peters D, eds. Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Invertebrate Pathology. Veldhoven, The Netherlands Foundation of the 4th International Colloquium of Invertebrate Pathology, 1986b. 

---