Genus Salmonella

Kaniuk, N.A., Vinogradov, E., Whitfield, C. Investigation of the structural requirements in the lipopolysaccharide core acceptor for ligation of O antigens in the genus Salmonella WaaL ligase is not the sole determinant of acceptor specificity. J Biol Chem 279 (2004) 36470-36480. 

This compendium of microbial feature descriptors is designed to employ computer technology in the storage, retrieval and analysis of data descriptive of individual strains. A set of filled out code sheets of the type now used is appended as an example it has been encoded for descriptors of the genus Salmonella and should be consulted as a model for the understanding of the following coding directions. 

Bacteria of the genus Citrobacter from the family Enterobacteriaceae are inhabitants of the intestinal tract and are present in sewage, surface waters, and food contaminated with fecal material. In accordance with close phylogenetic relationship to Salmonella, Citrobacter has a so-called Salmonella-type enterobacterial LPS core (inner Hep3Kdo2 pentasaccharide with both HepI and HepII phosphorylated at 0-4 and HepII substituted at 0-3 with a Glc residue). Two core structures recently fully characterized (C. werkmanii PCM 1548 and PCM 1549) (Kondakova et al., 2009) also contain a GalA residue linked at position 7 of HepIII, which is known to occur in both Salmonella-type (Providencia, see below) and non-Salmonella-type core (Proteus, Holst, 2002, 2007). 

Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms. Some bacteria are useful. Many others, however, cause disease for example, some species of the genus Streptococcus can cause sore throats and many species of Salmonella can cause food poisoning. When viewed under a microscope, the distinctive shapes of bacterial cells can be clearly seen. 

Salmonella typhimurium, and the genus Yersinia, which includes three species responsible for human diseases from gastrointestinal conditions to bubonic plague. ... 

Some Salmonella species do not conform to the general description of the genus. 

Salmonella A genus of rod-shaped Gramnegative bacteria that inhabit the intestine and cause disease (salmonellosis) in humans and animals. They are aerobic or facultatively anaerobic, and most are motile. 

ELISAs can be used in two modes, qualitatively to determine the presence or absence, or quantitatively to determine the amount of antigen present. ELISA kits often depend on the adsorption of either the antibody or antigen to a solid phase, e.g., wells of a microtiter plate, surface of plastic beads, or plastic stick. The choice of antibody (or antibodies) used determines the specificity of the ELISA assay, which can range from genus-specific to strain-specific. The principle on which ELISA methods are based usually prevents them from being used for the determination of total microbial counts. However, they can be used to detect pathogens such as Salmonella spp.. Listeria spp. 

The reference strain taxon field is used to record the generic name and specific epithet of the reference strain. This is essential, if the names are known, to avoid confusion. If the names are not known, distinctive operational names or symbols must be assigned to all reference strains. For example, an antiserum prepared against a Salmonella strain might be included in a number of tests developed for the genus Escherichia. Although components of earlier coded data might exist in both the Escherichia and the Salmonella sections of the RSC, the reference strain taxon would be Salmonella, not Escherichia. Computer searches of the reference strain number and the reference strain taxon fields would determine if the RSC contains any information about specifically numbered or named reference strains. 

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