Oscillatoria genera

Reports on the anti-influenza virus effects of extracts from marine algae from all over the world have been found in the literature [115]. These results show that the blue-green algae (cyanobacterium) are able to produce compounds with anti-influenza activity that may be of potential clinical interest. For example, aqueous and methanolic extracts of cultured cyanobacteria of several genera. Microcystis, Nodularia, Oscillatoria, Scytonema, Lyngbya and Calothrix were evaluated for their in vitro antiviral activity against the influenza A virus in Madin Darby kidney cells [116,117]. The further analysis of methanolic extracts of cultured strains of genus Microcystis revealed a remarkable antiviral... 

The genus Oscillatoria (order Oscillatoriales, 64 compounds total) has a much broader distribution of isolated compounds among different species as compared to the other genera of cyanobacteria 30% comes from undetermined species, 28% from Oscillatoria agardhii, 19% from Oscillatoria nigroviridis, and 13% from Oscillatoria spongelia. The species Oscillatoria raoi and Oscillatoria acutissima are responsible for 3% each and Oscillatoria rosea and Oscillatoria amphibia each accounts for 2%. 

In animal tissues, bonellin occurs conjugated with amino acids, in particular with L-valine and L-isoleucine (accounting for 62.7% and 23%, respectively, of the conjugate), but also with L-leucine-and D- Ho-isoleucine (Cariello et al, 1978 Pelter et al, 1978b). This last amino acid, which is uncommon, has been identified in several species of cyanobacteria of the genus Oscillatoria. 

It is also known that several halogenated metabolites of the dictyoceratid sponge Dysidea herbacea are produced by the cyanobaderium Oscillatoria spongeliae and that filamentous cyanobacteria of the genus Beggiatoa are the source of many metabolites of lithistid sponges, which are all repellents or toxic to fish (Unson and Faulkner, 1993 Fatdkner et al., 1993 Faulkner, Unson, and Bewley, 1994 Unson, Holland, and Faulkner, 1994 Bewley and Fatdkner, 1998 Schmidt, Bewley, and Faulkner, 1998 D Auria, Zampella, and Zollo, 2002 Ridley et al., 2005). 

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