Gastric cancer/carcinoma

K. Kondo, Duodenogastric reflux and gastric stump carcinoma, Gastric Cancer, 2002, 5(1), 16. 

Much research has also been conducted on everolimus and other mTOR inhibitors for use in a number of cancers. The PDA has recently approved everolimus for organ rejection prophylaxis on April 22, 2010. A Phase II trial reports it is effective in the treatment of subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGA) associated with tuberous sclerosis. In Oct 2010, the PDA approved its use in SEGA unsuitable for surgery. As of Oct 2010 Phase III trials are under way in breast cancer, gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NET), and lymphoma. ... 

UFT was studied in combination with radiation therapy in patients with locally advanced, inoperable gastric carcinoma. Tsukiyama et al. (66) evaluated combined modality therapy (CMT) consisting of UFT and mitomycin-C administered together with radiation therapy, and reported local control in 70% of patients with advanced inoperable gastric cancer. 

Roder JD, Bottcher K, Busch R, Wittekind C, Hermanek P, Siewert JR. Classification of regional lymph node metastasis from gastric carcinoma. German Gastric Cancer Study Group. Cancer 1998 82(4) 621-631. 

In a study investigating the prediction of response to preoperative chemotherapy in gastric carcinoma, Ott et al. [85] included 44 patients with locally advanced gastric cancer. Using the same criterion for differentiating metabolic responders and nonresponders as defined by Weber et al. [82], early response assessment by [ F]-FDG-PET turned out to predict histopathologic response with a sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 86%, respectively. Lordick et al. [222] prospectively... 

Quercetin has been shown to inhibit the growth of several human and animal cancer cell lines in vitro. However, the sensitivity of different cell lines varies considerably. In human breast cancer cells the IC50 of quercetin for inhibition of growth was 23 xM (7 pg/ml), whereas in human gastric cancer cells the IC50 was 32 to 55 M. A head and neck squamous cell carcinoma line is unaffected by quercetin at <110 M. Because growth inhibition of sensitive cells results from arrest of cell-cycle progression at the Gj-S boundary, this effect of quercetin is likely to be independent of its inhibition of topoisomerase II. 

Molecular risk biomarkers could detect systemic or local changes indicating that the carrier of this specific biomarker is at higher risk for disease development in the future. Examples include the presence of human papillomavirus in the cervix, which is associated with a higher risk for the development of cervical cancer, the association between Hdicohacterpylori and gastric cancer as well as EBV and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The drawback of these markers is that they are not helpful for the detection of early disease. 

Imai, Y., Inoue, T. and Ishikawa, T. (1998). Mutations of the human MUT S ho-mologue 6 gene in ampullary carcinoma and gastric cancer. Int. J. Cancer 78, 576-580. 

In patients with carcinoma of the stomach, the fundic mucosa not involved in the cancer digests these two peptides more readily than extracts from the normal stomach (T21). This peptidase shows activity with two maxima one at pH 7.0-7.6, and another at pH 8.2-S.5. Similar to extracts from pyloric mucosa, extracts from mucosa of gastric cancer patients attack alanylglycine more readily than glycylglycylglycine (T23). 

The DNA adducts, deoxyadenosine and deoxygua-nosine, which are induced by malondialdehyde, the end-product of lipid peroxidation, accumulate in human breast tissues. These adducts are present at relatively higher concentrations in breast cancer cells compared to normal breast cells. In a recent study, serum antioxidative vitamin levels and lipid peroxidation were compared in gastric cancer patients. The level of serum ascorbic acid, a-tocopherol, p-carotene, and retinol were assessed. The levels of ascorbic acid in patients with gastric carcinoma were less than one-fifth of that in the control group, and the production of p-carotene and a-tocopherol were decreased, as well. 

Clinical uses Topotecan ovarian cancer, small cell and non-small cell lung cancer Irinotecan metastatic colon and rectal carcinoma Small cell and non-small cell lung cancer, gastric cancer, germ cell cancers, leukemias and lymphomas. 

MMPs also act as predictors of recurrence or metastatic risk. High preoperative serum levels of MMP-2 or MMP-3 are predictive of recurrence in patients with advanced urotheliai carcinoma. Furthermore, high levels of MMP-2 in ovarian tumor cells can predict tumor recurrence. The expression of certain MMPs is predictive of metastatic risk. For example, expression of MMP-1 is associated with lymph node metastasis in cervical and peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer. MMP inhibition may be a therapeutic strategy for cancer. ... 

ISH EBV Nasopharyngeal carcinomas, lymphomas (Burkitt, Hodgkin, some T-cell lymphomas), subset of gastric cancers, immunodeficiency associated tumors... 

Herpesviruses lymphomas, carcinomas, sarcomas Kaposi sarcoma (HHV-8) Body cavity lymphoma (HHV-8) Multiple myeloma (HHV-8) Burkin s lymphoma (EBV) Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (EBV) gastric cancer... 

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