Garlic bulbs

Garlic supplements - powder tablets or capsules, steam-distilled oil, vegetable oil macerate extract, or extract aged in dilute alcohol - are widely available and are taken by millions. Since the active principle, allicin, is not present in garlic bulb, the supplements rely on the presence of precursor alliin and enzyme alliinase. In tests on 24 commercial brands of enteric-coated tablets, all except one gave low dissolution allicin release 83% of the brands released less than 15% of their potential allicin.78,79 Relevant factors were impaired enzyme activity caused by excipients and slow tablet disintegration. Caveat emptor ... 

Fig. 41.1 Micrographs of boar spermatozoa treated with Allium extraets (0.5 g/mL) (a) garlic bulb extract, (b) untreated spermatozoa. Formation of a clear halo around the sperm head indieated acrosin proteolytie activity...

Garlic Green Green Onion Green bulb garlic garlic bulb... 

Trypsin inhibition activity was determined by measuring the decrease of trypsin activity in the presence of Allium extracts. The results obtained with different types of extracts (bulb, stalk, green leaf-0.5 g/iuL) are presented in Fig. 41.2. All determinations were carried out in triplicate. The higher inhibition activity was obtained with red onion bulb extract (18.55 0.14 Ul/min or 27.94 0.21 U/g fresh plants). Onion bulb extract shows also a high trypsin inhibition (18.48 0.035 UFmin, 27.83 0.053U/g), and all extracts of garlic (bulb, leaf and stalk) show activities between 11.05 1.615 - 13.185 0.205 Ul/min (16.64 2.42 - 19.86 0.31 U/g). 

Fig. 41.4 Cytotoxicity induced by different concentrations of 0.5 g/mL (a) red onion and (b) garlic bulb extract (0.1-10%) (v/v) from the initial 0.5 g/mL culture medium mean value SD). The absorbance at 570 obtained for control was considered 100%. The results for the treated cells were expressed as percentage from the control, untreated culture...

Garlic bulb Ritonavir Two brief case reports describe gastrointestinal toxic effects in patients taking garlic and ritonavir. 

Allium chinense Max. A. odorum L. A. sativum L. A. tuberosum Roxb. A. uliginosum G. Don Da Suan (Garlic) (bulb) Allicin, allistatin, glucominol, neo-allicin, steroidal saponins, polysaccharides, furostanol saponins, proto-isoerubosides, diallyl sulfide.33 49 438 490-510 Antibacterial, antimutagenic, anticarcinogenesis, carminative, antiarrhythmic, lower plasma cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins, prevent thrombosis, hypotensive and vessel protective effect. 

A study carried out in the U.S. showed a 56% decrease in serum total lipid radioactivity in rats fed the equivalent of 5 g of fresh garlic bulbs/d for 7 d. Rats fed an experimental diet containing cholesterol were treated either with intraperitoneal injections of C-14 labeled acetate or a diet containing C-14 sucrose. 

Garlic has been a valued commodity throughout history. It has been used in Chinese herbal medicine for more than 4000 years, as a form of currency in Siberia, and as a repellent for witches by the Saxons. Today it is used as a dietary supplement because of its reported health benefits. Allicin, the molecule responsible for garlic s odor, is a rather unstable molecule that is not stored in the garlic bulb, but rather is produced by the action of enzymes when the bulb is crushed or bruised. 

How to Use Chop, grind, or liquefy 1 garlic bulb and 1 small onion. Add 1 teaspoon of powdered cayenne pepper and mix with 1 quart of water. Steep 1 hour, strain through cheesecloth, then add 1 tablespoon of liquid dish soap to tffe strained liquid mix well. 

In terms of human studies, three clinical trials were found that tested the efficacy of natural products for the eradication of HP. Two of the studies tested different preparations of garlic bulbs Allium sativum), and one tested an extract of cinnamon [19]. 

Garlic HP — Physiologies, 400-mg garlic bulb (1000 pg allicin/g yield)... 

Nature s Resource Garlic Cloves, 400-mg capsules garlic bulb (0.8 mg allicin)... 

Kosian, A.M. (1998) [Effect of sulfur nutrition for sulfoxide accumulation in garlic bulbs.] Ukr. Biokhim. Zh. 70 105-109. 

GARLIC BULB, Allii sativi bulbus Garlic bulb consists of fresh or dried compound bulbs of Allium sativum L., family Alliaceae. This is a very old spice and medicinal plant, which is of great importance in self-medication in Europe. 

The therapeutic indications for garlic bulb are prophylaxis of atherosclerosis treatment of elevated blood lipid levels, insufficiently influenced by diet improvement of the circulation in peripheral arterial vascular disease and respiratory infections and catarrhal conditions. 

Garlic bulb also has a choleretic and spasmolytic effect, which explains its use as a carminativum, whereas the disinfections action is the basis for its use in the case of dyspepsia and chronic intestinal infections. Furthermore, an aqueous extract of fresh garlic bulb has bactericidal and fungicidal effects. Also, effects on the immune system have been reported. 

The constituents of garlic bulbs, in particular the sulphur derivatives such as alliin, ajoenes, vinyldithines etc., are known for their lipid and cholesterol effects as well as antithrombotic... 

Small doses of garlic are purported to increase the tone of smooth muscle in the gastrointestinal tract, while large doses decrease such actions (Tyler, 1993). An ethanol—chloroform extract of fresh bulb antagonized acetylcholine and prostaglandin E induced rat fundus smooth muscle contraction at a concentration of 0.002 mg/mL however, an ethanol extract of fresh garlic bulb caused rat fundus smooth muscle stimulation at a concentration of 0.016 mg/mL (Ross, 1998). 

Early in vivo experiments (1913) showed that garlic and its compounds acted against mmors in mice, with similar results obtained by others (Reuter, Koch, and Lawson, in Garlic, pp. 178-186). Not only could mmor growth be inhibited, but alliin as freshly obtained from garlic bulbs and directly injected into rat sarcomas, resulted in reduction and dissipation. Similar results were obtained for intramuscular injections. Others, however, reported otherwise. On the other hand, allicin deactivated ehrlich ascites mmor cells, and also deactivated cells of Yoshida sarcoma (a mammary tumor). Other examples are described in the reference, with the note that fresh garlic neutralizes cancer cell virulence without compromising the immune response, whereby atumals at least become immune to untreated mmor cells. 

Nature Garlic iAllium sativum) contains organic thiosulfinates that can form allicin (responsible for the characteristic odorj via enzymes that are activated by disruption of the garlic bulb. 

The primary sulfur-containing constituents in garlic bulbs are y-glutamyl-S-alk(en)yl-L-cysteines and S-alk(en)yl-L-cysteine sulfoxides. The content of 5alk(en)ylcysteine... 

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