Smooth muscles stimulant

M Schramm, G Thomas, R Towart, G Frackowiak. (1983). Activation of calcium channels by novel 1,4-dihydropyridines. A new mechanism for positive inotropies of smooth muscle stimulants. Arzneim Forsch 33 1268-1272. 

Blaustein We published a paper a couple of years ago on aortic smooth muscle stimulated with serotonin. Using moderate doses for short periods, which cause modest contraction, we saw no effect on Ca2+ in individual mitochondria. However, a big dose for a longer period causes the muscle to go into contracture, and there is a significant rise in Ca2+ in mitochondria. 

Carbachol is a powerful cholinic ester that stimulates both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors, as well as exhibits all of the pharmacological properties of acetylcholine while in addition resulting in vasodilation, a decrease in heart rate, an increase in tone and con-tractability of smooth muscle, stimulation of salivary, ocular, and sweat glands as well as autonomic ganglia and skeletal muscle. For this reason, use of carbachol, like acetylcholine, is limited. The exception is that it is used in ophthalmological practice and post-operational intestines and bladder atony. Upon administration in the eye, the pupil constricts and the intraocular pressure is reduced. It is used for severe chronic glaucoma. Synonyms of this drag are doryl and miostat. 

Aetinidine (9a) has been identified as an anal gland product of three species of dolichoderine ants in the genera Conomyrma and Iridomyrmex (Table I). The venoms of ants of the Myrmecia species are rich in histamine (136) (Table VIII), which can act as a defensive substance, together with hemolytic, smooth-muscle-stimulating, and histamine-releasing components. 

A slow intravenous injection of histamine produces marked vasodilation of the arterioles, capillaries, and venules. This causes a fall in blood pressure whose magnitude depends on the concentration of histamine injected, the degree of baroreceptor reflex compensation, and the extent of histamine-induced release of adrenal catecholamines. Vasodilation of cutaneous blood vessels reddens the skin of the face, while a throbbing headache can result from vasodilation of brain arterioles. Vasodilation is mediated through both Hj- and Hj-receptors on vascular smooth muscle. Stimulation of Hj-receptors produces a rapid and short-lived response, whereas stimulation of H2-receptors produces a more sustained response that is slower in onset. Stimulation of Hj-receptors on sympathetic nerve terminals inhibits the release of norepinephrine and its associated vasoconstriction. 

Before the identification of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), it was known that when blood is allowed to clot, a vasoconstrictor (tonic) substance is released from the clot into the serum. This substance was called serotonin. Independent studies established the existence of a smooth muscle stimulant in intestinal mucosa. This was called enteramine. The synthesis of 5-hydroxytryptamine in 1951 permitted the identification of serotonin and enteramine as the same metabolite of 5-hydroxytryptophan. 

Ergot Alkaloid a Adrenoceptor Dopamine Receptor Serotonin Receptor (5-HT2) Uterine Smooth Muscle Stimulation... 

There is a similarity between the symptoms resulting from intravenous (IV) injection of histamine and those associated with anaphylactic shock and allergic reactions. These include contraction of smooth muscle, stimulation of secretions, dilation and increased permeability of the capillaries, and stimulation of sensory nerve endings. 

Silva MR, Beraldo WT, Rosenfeld G. Bradykinin, a hypotensive and smooth-muscle-stimulating factor released from plasma globulin by snake venoms and by trypsin. Am. J. Physiol. 1949 156 261-273. 

MOA Competitive antagonism of the smooth muscle stimulating actions of histamine on H, receptors. The central anticholinergic activity of antihistamines reduces symptoms of emesis and counteracts EPS associated with antipsychotic treatment. 

The motilides interact with motilin receptors on gastrointestinal neurons and smooth muscle, stimulating smooth muscle contraction and... 

CALCIUM-CHANNEL BLOCKER. It is a smooth muscle stimulant. Bay q 4218 butaprost. 

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