Gaps and Research Recommendations

Identify data gaps and make recommendations for future research. 

Since the release of the 1996 NRC report, additional data on JP-8 have been generated. In light of those data, the U.S. Air Force asked the NRC to review the toxicologic, epidemiologic, and other relevant data on JP-8 vapors and aerosols to assess the scientific basis of the interim PEL of 350 mg/m3 proposed by DOD, identify data gaps, and make recommendations for future research relevant to deriving the PEL. The NRC assigned the project to COT and assembled the Subcommittee on Jet-Propulsion Fuel 8, which prepared the present report. 

EPA Exposure Assessment Workshops - Level I and II. In April 1982, the EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) organized two workshops designed to assess and identify current techniques (i.e., data, protocols, predictive models) used in performing exposure assessments, enumerate technical information gaps, and recommend prioritized research topics to satisfy current and anticipated needs. The Level I workshop was comprised of... 

To realize the potential of biomonitoring, investment in research is needed to address the critical knowledge gaps that hinder the ability to use biomonitoring data and interpret what they mean with respect to risks to public health. The committee s research recommendations focus not on specific chemicals but rather on methods that can be applied to a broad array of chemicals. Implementation of the research recommendations by federal and state agencies and universities will benefit from an improvement in some parts of our nation s research infrastructure. 

This chapter reviews physical and chemical properties and toxicokinetic, toxicologic, and epidemiologic data on carbon monoxide. The Subcommittee on Submarine Escape Action Levels used this information to assess the health risk to Navy personnel aboard a disabled submarine from exposure to carbon monoxide and to evaluate the Navy s proposed submarine escape action levels (SEALs), proposed to avert serious health effects and substantial degradation in crew performance from short-term exposures (up to 10 d). The subcommittee also identifies data gaps and recommends research relevant for determining the health risk attributable to carbon monoxide exposure. 

The subcommittee determined that the Army s interim RfDs for GA, GB, GD, and sulfur mustard were scientifically valid but concluded that the RfDs for VX and lewisite and the SF for sulfur mustard were too high. The bases for those conclusions are described below. Research recommendations for filling major data gaps are also presented. 

In 1996, a previous subcommittee of the National Research Council s Committee on Toxicology (COT)1 judged that the Navy s interim 8-hr time-weighted-average permissible exposure level (PEL) of 350 mg/m3 for JP-4, JP-5, and JP-8 was adequate to protect the health of Navy personnel occupation-ally exposed to vapors from those fuels, based on the data available at that time however, it identified a number of data gaps and recommended that the PEL for the three jet-fuel vapors be considered interim until further research had been completed. 

The data presented here are representative of Western European consumption patterns. There is an important gap between nutritional recommendations and actual consumption. In addition to overall excessive lipid consumption in Europe there is over-consumption of saturated fatty acids, as well as an excessive ratio of 00-6 -3 fatty acids. Based on many convergent data from different epidemiological studies, this imbalanced consumption pattern is likely to be at the origin of the steady increase of lifestyle related illnesses observed in Europe. The extent of the gap between consumption and recommendations is notable and calls for corrective measures such as nutritional education, a better choice of plant oils and a better control of animal lipids. Since animal lipids represent two thirds of all consumed lipids, it is of particular importance to improve their composition. For several decades different research teams have studied the link between animal feed and lipid composition of their products. 

Tsui, A.S., Nifadkar, S.S. Yi Ou, A. 2007. Gaps, and Recommendations Cross-National, Cross-Cultural Organizational Behavior Research Advances. Journal of Management 33 426-478. 

Desk research consists mainly of reading as much as possible about other people s experiences and recommendations. Read industry publications to find out what is currently in demand and what looks promising for the future, as well as what price ranges are available for various products. If there are one or two people who have published material of particular relevance, then if possible go and speak to them in person. They may say more in person than they will write, or their work may prove to have been derivative, in which case find the original source. Market research reports and trade publications can be obtained from most local libraries. Most broadsheet national and local newspapers report occasionally on the organic food industry, and sometimes it is possible to identify a gap in the market. 

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