Consumption pattern

Caustic Soda Markets. Forecasted changes in caustic soda consumption (Table 24) are addressed below in descending order of the importance of the major industries, based on 1987 demand. Consumption patterns for many derivatives cannot be accurately quantitied and must be estimated. 

An interminable number of studies have been performed to predict future energy consumption patterns, resources, imports, and prices. If the predictions of higher oil prices had been accurate in the late 1970s, or if the oil price had stabilized at its peak in 1981, the biomass energy iadustry would have exhibited much greater growth than it has (128). 

To reduce storage costs involved in such a cycHc consumption pattern, there has been substantial growth in the erection of large refrigerated anhydrous ammonia storage terminals at key points within large marketing areas. Terminal cost (84) is reported to add typically about 11.00/t. 

In 1988 the estimated apparent consumption pattern for cadmium was batteries (qv), 32% coating and plating, 29% pigments (qv), 15% plastics and synthetic products, 15% and alloys and other uses, 9% (16). 

Table 12. United States Consumption Pattern for Ethylene Oxide ...

The Modeling Engine in THERdbASE has the following model groups 1) Population Distributions, 2) Location/Activity Patterns, 3) Food Consumption Patterns, 4) Agent Releases Characteristics, 5) Microenvironment Agent Concentrations, 6) Macroenvironment Agent Concentrations, 7) Exposure Patterns and Scenarios, 8) Dose Patterns, and 9) Risk Assessment. 

There has been a rapid growth of the demand for plastics from less than 20 billion pounds in 1970 to nearly 50 billion pounds consumed in the United States in 1986, mostly due to the substitution of traditional raw materials. All over the world, plastics have replaced metals, glass, ceramics, wood papers, and natural fibers in a wide variety of industries including packaging, consumer products, automobiles, building and construction, electronics and electrical equipment, appliances, furniture, piping, and heavy industrial equipment [57-121]. Consumption patterns of PBAs in some countries are shown in Tabies 1 and 2. 

All of the world s major economies, as well as scores of smaller, low-income nations, rely mainly on hydrocarbons. Crude oil now supplies two-fifths of the world s primary energy (Table 1). There are distinct consumption patterns in the shares of light and hea vy oil products the United States burns more than 40 percent of all its liquid fuels as gasoline, Japan just a fifth and the residual fuel oil accounts for nearly a third of Japanese use, but for less than 3 percent of the U.S. total. Small countries of the Persian Gulf have the highest per capita oil consumption (more than 5 t a year in the United Arab Emirates and in Qatar) the U.S. rate is more than 2.5 t a year European means arc around 1 t China s mean is about 120 kg, and sub-Saharan Africa is well below 100 kg per capita. 

In addition to widely differing degrees of dependence on natural gas, different regional economies exhibit dramatically contrasting consumption patterns for the gas that they do consume. Strong distinctions are evident, for example, between the diversified and finely-tuned natural-gas markets of high-income, high-latitude countries in Europe and... 

In such diverse and sophisticated gas-using economies, security of supply and the efficient employment of producing assets depend upon an extensive network of pipelines that interconnect regions with diverse climates and diverse consumption patterns winter-peaking and summer-peaking demand that is climate-sensitive, business cycle-sensitive, and price-sensitive customers who place a high premium on continuity of supply, and those who are relatively insensitive to risk of interruption. These parties depend to a different degree, and place... 

The broad variance in the amount of energy consumed as natural gas, and the diverse mixes of consumption patterns in different countries, illustrate important characteristics of energy supply and demand generally ... 

The advantage that NR enjoys over synthetic elastomers is borne from the energy consumption pattern during preparation (Table 37.1). 

Socio-economic and cnltural data that may provide information about consumption patterns... 

Methylxanthine Composition and Consumption Patterns of Cocoa and Chocolate Products... 

This chapter has compiled and evaluated information on the methylxanthine composition of cocoa and various chocolate foods and beverages, as well as the consumption pattern for these commodities. Cacao is the major natural source of the xanthine base theobromine. Small amounts of caffeine are present in the bean along with trace amounts of theophylline. Numerous factors, including varietal type and fermentation process, influence the methylxanthine content of beans. 

Apgar, J. L., Seligson, F. H., Consumer consumption patterns of chocolate and confectionery, Manuf. Confectioner, 75, 31, 1995. 

Health concerns about the effects of coffee are also an important consideration in coffee drinking trends. While many health issues have not been systematically and thoroughly evaluated, these concerns have undoubtedly contributed to consumption patterns. However, the most significant changes in coffee consumption occurred prior to scientific research and knowledge of health effects due to caffeine exposure. 

The aim of the assessment of the effects of agricultural products on the environment is to evaluate their impact on environment sustainability [24], especially in terms of food consumption patterns [25]. As stated by [26], the system sustainability can be evaluated on the basis of inputs and outputs and their conversion to C02e. [27] states that the measurement of GHG emissions suffers from certain inaccuracy. The reason for this error is that emissions in agriculture are influenced by complex biological processes with a wide range of variables. 

Another way to reduce GHG emissions in the food sector is changing the consumption patterns [51-54] for example, switching from diets based on meat to diets in which proteins are also supplied by vegetables. 

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