Cancer etiology

Urethane [51-79-6] (ethyl carbamate) occurs as a natural by-product in fermented products such as wine, Hquors, yogurt, beer, bread, oHves, cheeses, and soy sauces. Whereas urethane has a known cancer etiology in experimental animals, no such relationship has yet been proven in humans (108,109). Alcohol may act by blocking the metaboHsm of urethane, and thus exert a protective effect in humans consuming alcohoHc beverages (110). 

Waalkes MP National Cancer Institute, NIH, Division of Cancer Etiology The mechanism of action of metals in human and rodent carcinogenesis (mouse, rat) NCI, NIH... 

Progesterone may be linked to breast cancer etiology also, there is concern regarding the safety of progestational agents in women with preexisting breast cancer... 

To provide an infrastructure to promote communication between laboratory scientists and epidemiologists for the purpose of developing interdisciplinary research on gene-environment interactions in cancer etiology. 

Santodonato J. 1986. Monograph on human exposure to chemicals in the workplace Cresols. Report to Division of Cancer Etiology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD by Center for Chemical Hazard Assessment, Syracuse Research Corporation, Syracuse, NY. NTIS PB86-142080. 

D. J. Hunter and R. T. Relsey, Pesticide Residues and Breast Cancer The Harvest of a Silent Spring, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 85 (1995) 598-99 R. El-Bayoumy, Environmental Carcinogens That May be Involved in Human Breast Cancer Etiology, Chem. Res. Toxicol. 5 (1995) 585-90 R. M. Sharpe and N. F. Skakkebaek, Are Oestrogens Involved in Falling Sperm Counts and Disorders of the Male Reproductive Tract Lancet541 (1995) 1592-95. 

Greenblatt MS, Bennett WP, Hollstein M, Harris CC. Mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene clues to cancer etiology and molecular pathogenesis. Cancer Res 1994 54 4855-4878. 

Dietary Fat, Prolactin, and Breast Cancer. Prolactin may also interact with diet to influence breast cancer. Although the role of prolactin in human breast cancer etiology is relatively obscure, its role as a promotor in rodent mammary carcinogenesis has been well established (55,56). 

Blot, W. NCI Analytical cancer studies, including field studies in high-risk areas Division of Cancer Etiology... 

Gonzalez, F. J. NCI, NIH Transgenic mice, gene knockout mice, and cytochrome P-450 function Division of Cancer Etiology... 

Poirier, M. C. NCI, NIH Use of immunological techniques to study the interaction of carcinogens with DNA Division of Cancer Etiology... 

Nishimoto, Y., M. Yamakido, S. Ishioka, et al. 1988. Epidemiological studies of lung cancer in Japanese mustard gas workers. In Unusual Occurrences as Clues to Cancer Etiology, R.W. Miller et al., (eds). Japan. Sci. Soc. Press., Tokyo, pp. 95-101. 

SaracciR. 1987. The interactions of tobacco-smoking and other agents in cancer etiology. Epidemiol Rev 9 175-193. 

A second example of sulfate bioactivation derives from the observed carcinogenicity of aromatic amineS/ such as those derived from coal tar (44). The polycyclic aromatic amines are N-hydroxylated by CYPs and then sulfated to form unstable N-O-sulfates that decompose and produce reactive nitrenium ion intermediates/ which form DNA and protein adducts. One environmental/genetic hypothesis of colon cancer etiology involves the interaction between dietary aromatic amines and the polymorphic expression of the appropriate STs for their activation to procarcinogenic reactive intermediates (44/ 45). 

Sinha, R. and Caporaso, N., Diet, genetic susceptibility and human cancer etiology, Am. Soc. Nutr. Sci., Suppl., 556s, 1999. 

Matherly, L.H., Hou, Z. and Deng, Y. (2007) Human reduced folate carrier translation of basic biology to cancer etiology and therapy. Cancer Metastasis Reviews, 26 (1), 111-128. 

In research being conducted by Anderson at the Division of Cancer Etiology, National Cancer Institute, NDMA is being examined for its ability to cause neurogenic tumors in mice by transplacental exposure. 

Fraumeni JR, ed. 1975. Persons at high risk of cancer An approach to cancer etiology and control. New York, NY Academic Press, Inc., 172, 187-189. 

Intensive research efforts are ongoing in all aspects of breast cancer etiology, detection, prevention, and treatment. Thanks to the thousands of patients who volunteered for these clinical trials, a substantial reduction in mortality has been seen in selected patient subsets. It is hoped that the information obtained in the next decade will result in the knowledge required to significantly reduce mortality from breast cancer for all women. Only through these continued... 

Reinberg, A. P. (2004). The epigenetics of cancer etiology. Semin Cancer Biol 14(6), 427 32. 

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