Waxing, fruit

Other fruit waxes include bayberry wax, used in making Christmas candles since the days of the Pilgrams. The wax of rice bran is coming into commercial use, but waxes of the cranberry, apple, grapefruit, etc. are only of academic interest,... 

The leaves and fruit of many plants bear a waxy coating made up of alkanes that prevents loss of water In addition to being present m beeswax (see Problem 2 6) hen triacontane CH3(CH2)29CH3 is a component of the wax of tobacco leaves... 

The following are some of the typical industrial applications for liquid-phase carbon adsorption. Generally liquid-phase carbon adsorbents are used to decolorize or purify liquids, solutions, and liquefiable materials such as waxes. Specific industrial applications include the decolorization of sugar syrups the removal of sulfurous, phenolic, and hydrocarbon contaminants from wastewater the purification of various aqueous solutions of acids, alkalies, amines, glycols, salts, gelatin, vinegar, fruit juices, pectin, glycerol, and alcoholic spirits dechlorination the removal of... 

Wax S Breweries Sugar refineries Vegetable and fruit processing and preparation Animal feed Paper... 

In fruit penetration studies 8 pounds of fruit were first thoroughly scrubbed with warm 10% trisodium phosphate solution and then rinsed thoroughly with distilled water. Citrus fruits, if depth of penetration into the peel was of interest, were peeled in longitudinal sections with a buttonhook peeler and the albedo or white portion was separated from the flavedo or colored portion. The separated peel was placed in pie tins lined with waxed paper and dried in a forced draft oven at 65° C. for 16 hours. The dried peel was then crushed and steeped for 48 hours in a measured volume of benzene sufficient to cover the sample. If, on the other hand, only the total amount of DDT in the peel was of interest, the fruit was halved and juiced on a power juicer. The pulp was removed, the peel sliced, and the sample dried and treated as before. Thin-skinned fruits, such as apples, pears, and avocados, were peeled with a vegetable peeler, cores or seeds were removed, and the pulp was sliced in thin slices. Pulp and peel were then dried and treated in the same way as the citrus peel. The steeping completed, the samples were filtered through Sharkskin filter paper and the volume of benzene recovered was noted. 

Differentiation can be defined as the process of specialisation in terms of shape and function. An example is cell differentiation in plants, animals and humans a young cell, which is initially multifunctional, gradually acquires one specific function and shape. Specialisation is a refinement that is expressed in terms of shape, scent and colour. For example, fruits ripen, leaves change colour in the autumn, the growth of a shoot ends in a terminal bud and seeds become dormant. The primary components are converted into secondary components such as phenols, vitamins, aromas, wax, and so on. Thus differentiation in this context has a broader meaning than only the formation of a new plant organ . 

Epidermal cells Tabular are layered sheets on surfaces of leaves and young roots, stems, flowers, fruits, seeds, ovules Secrete the fatty substance, cutin, which forms a protective layer, the cuticle cuticle covered by an epicuticular wax... 

Storey, R. and Treeby, M.T. 1994. The morphology of epicuticular wax and albedo cells of orange fruit in relation to albedo break-down. J. Horticult. Sci. 69, 329-338. 

Migration of nitrosamines into consumer products can occur via direct contact of materials such as waxed containers, elastic and rubber etc.81. Morpholine is used extensively as an industrial solvent for wax formulations. The wax formulations are used for coating fruits and vegetables to prevent moisture loss and increase shelf-life of the products. Paper and cardboard packed with morpholine was also found to give rise to NDMA, as these packaging materials were found to be contaminated with NDMA as well. Besides this, rubber products also provided a migratory source for both nitrosamines and nitros-able amine precursors, as trace levels of NDEA and TV-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA) have been reported in cured meats with amine-based accelerators in the rubber nettings82. 

Ligustrum lucidum Mill. L. japonicum Thunb. Nu Zhen Zi (Wax tree) (fruit) Nuzhenide, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid.33-445 Increase leukocyte count, a cardiac tonic, diuretic, treat urological tumors. 

If we can discourage sea creatures with capsaicin, why can t we use it to keep insects at bay Fruits and vegetables are extremely prone to insect infestation, so pesticides that are nontoxic to humans would be most welcome. Enter Hot Pepper Wax. If we spray infested crops with this wax, then seventy percent of the insects on them die due to overstimulation of the nervous system. The capsaicin causes them to defecate endlessly until they die. Lovely. In humans such overstimulation can have a very different effect it can actually kill pain, such as the excruciating variety associated with shingles. 

Morpholine is a synthetic organic liquid used mainly as an intermediate in the production of rubber chemicals and optical brighteners, as a corrosion inhibitor in steam condensate systems, as an ingredient in waxes and polishes and as a component of protective coatings on fresh fruits and vegetables. Occupational exposure may occur during the production of morpholine and in its various uses, but data on exposure levels are sparse. It has been detected in samples of foodstuffs and beverages (lARC, 1989). 

Inicimn in particular, are readily converted into a nondigesltble or slowly digestible physical form ander certain food processing conditions. These resistant starches are readily fermented by colonic bacteria. Small amounts of waxes, cutin. and minerals in fruits and vegetables contribute to total dietary fiber values but may be physiologically inert. 

It is important to purify proanthocyanidins, particularly for determining their conversion yield. It is also advantageous to do so to eliminate extraneous material that might otherwise react with the proanthocyanidins. A combination of liquid-liquid extraction and adsorption chromatography is effective in removing impurities. The use of chloroform in liquid-liquid extraction is very effective in removing fat-soluble compounds such as carotenoids, chlorophyll, oils, and waxes. These compounds would be expected in leafy plant tissues (carotenoids and chlorophyll) as well as seeds and fruits (oils and waxes). Ethyl acetate is effective in the selective removal of flavan-3-ol monomers, which are also typically present with proanthocyanidins. 

Because of the varied nature of the plant tissues from which the proanthocyanidin extracts are derived, it is difficult to anticipate the expected outcome. As an example of how these procedures can be adapted to specific tissues and analyses, using grape tissues, fruit is harvested and the tissues of interest (e.g., skins and seeds) are removed from the remainder of the berry. They are rinsed well and then extracted as whole tissues using the conditions described in these protocols. For grape skins, aliquid-liq-uid extraction with chloroform has been successful in the removal of chlorophyll and waxes, yet no extraction with ethyl acetate has been performed because of the small proportion of flavan-3-ol monomers (Kennedy et al., 2001). For grape seeds, these protocols have... 

The family is widespread, almost cosmopolitan. The wax of the. fruit of some members is used to make bayberry candles, and many fruits of the family are eaten. 

In many areas of the world, parts of the entire plant serve many different purposes food (coconut, sago), waxes, fruits, timber, thatch, etc. A number are familiar as cultivated ornamentals. 

Good quality navel oranges were purchased as the experimental material. The fruits had been distributed by Sunkist Growers, Inc. and were in excellent condition from a consumer s point of view. For the short duration of these tests, the oranges were kept in a polyethylene bag in an ordinary refrigerator. It was assumed that the fruits had received normal post-harvest treatments washing, waxing, and diphenyl inhibitor treatment. 

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