Frederick

Ralph G. (2000). Harry s Cosmeticology, 8th edition, ed. Martin M. Reiger. Chemical Publishing Company. 

International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, 9th edition. (2002). Washington, DC Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association. 

Peter A. (1988). Pigment Handbook, Volume 1, 2nd edition. Hoboken, N[ Wiley-Interscience. 

Peter J. (1991). Introduction to Fats and Oils Technology. Champaign, IL The American Oil Chemists Society. 

Frederick Cottrell invented the electrostatic precipitator, which removes pollutants from smoke. Cottrell was born on Jannaiy 10, 1877, in Oakland, California, the son of Henry and Cynthia Cottrell. His ingenuity and interest in the applied sciences were demonstrated early on. At the age of thirteen, he ran his own printing business with a handpress in the basement of his home, publishing, among other works, a four-page technical magazine. Boy s Workshop. He also earned money from odd jobs as an electrician and landscape photographer. 

James E. Russell, Joel W. and Holum, John R. (2000). Chemistry Matter and Its Changes, 3rd edition. New York Wiley. 

After two years of research at Oxford, Soddy served as a demonstrator (laboratory instructor) at McGill University in Montreal, Canada (1900-1902), where he worked with Ernest Rntherford, studying the gaseous emanation of radinm and showing that radioactivity involved the disintegration of radioactive atoms to form new elements. He called the process transmutation, a term that he borrowed from alchemy. 

The two proved the existence of two radioactive decay series one starting with nraninm and the other with thorium. The final product of both series was lead. They predicted that hefium should be the decay product of radium, and they were the first to calculate the tremendous amount of energy that could be evolved during radioactive reactions. 

Soddy then worked with Wilfiam Ramsay at University College, London (1903-1904), where they used spectroscopy to show that hefium was formed during the radioactive decay of radium and that it was also evolved in the decay of radium emanation. Erom 1904 to 1914 he served as a lecturer in physical chemistry and radioactivity at the University of Glasgow. 

At Glasgow, Soddy posited his group displacement law, which stated that the emission of an a-particle (a doubly charged particle consisting of two protons and two neutrons, identical to the hefium nucleus, He ) from a radioactive element causes that element to move back two places in the 

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Frederick B G, Power J R, Cole R J, Perry C C, Chen Q, Flaq S, Bertrams T, Richardson N V and Weightman P 1998 Adsorbate azimuthal orientation from reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy P/rys. Rev. Lett. 80 4490-3... 

The compound 1 fluoro 2 4 dinitrobenzene is exceed ingly reactive toward nucleophilic aromatic substi tution and was used in an imaginative way by Frederick Sanger (Section 27 11) in his determination of the struc ture of insulin... 

Precipitators are currently used for high collection efficiency on fine particles. The use of electric discharge to suppress smoke was suggested in 1828. The principle was rediscovered in 1850, and independently in 1886 and attempts were made to apply it commercially at the Dee Bank Lead Works in Great Britain. The installation was not considered a success, probably because of the cmde electrostatic generators of the day. No further developments occurred until 1906 when Frederick Gardiner Cottrell at the University of California revived interest (U.S. Pat. 895,729) in 1908. The first practical demonstration of a Cottrell precipitator occurred in a contact sulfuric acid plant at the Du Pont Hercules Works, Pinole, California, about 1907. A second installation was made at Vallejo Junction, California, for the Selby Smelting and Lead Company. 

Frederick S. Baker Charles E. Miller Albert J. Repik E. Donald Tolies... 

Smith, D. G., and Egan, B. A., Design of monitoring networks to meet multiple criteria, in "Quality Assurance in Air Pollution Measurement" (E. D. Frederick, ed.). Air Pollution Control Association, Pittsburgh, 1979, pp. 139-150. 

Frederick, E. R. (ed.), "Proceedings, ConHnuous Emission Monitoring Design, Operation, and Experience, Specialty Conference." Air Pollution Control Association, Pittsburgh, 1981. Morrow, N. L, Brief, R. S., and Bertrand, R. R., Chem. Eng. 79, 85-98 (1972). 

Evenson, R.S., Mason, B., Frederick, D.V., St. Onge, and Alain, G. Development and Field Application of a Single Rotor Design Dry Gas Seal, Proceedings of the 24th Turbomachinery Symposium, Texas A M University p. 107 1995. 

Thanks go to Brown and Root for scanning the first edition, and for giving me an electronic form on which to build the revised edition. Thanks also to Buddy Wachel of EDI for giving me an assist at the reciprocating compressor acoustics, and to Susan Dally, Terryl Matthews, Rick Powell, Kelly Fort, Rich Lewis, Carl Fredericks, and Mary Rivers of Dow Chemical for their reviews of the revised chapters. 

Checked by Charles C. Price, Frederick V. Brutcher, and Jerome Cohen. 

Submitted by Frederick Kurzer and J. Roy Powell. Checked by John C. Sheehan and Ernest R. Gilmont. 

Frederick Seitz has recently remarked (Seilz 1998) that he has long thought that Nevill Mott deserved the Nobel Prize for this work alone, and much earlier in his career than the Prize he eventually received. 

One other classical pair of papers should be mentioned here. Eugene Wigner, an immigrant physicist of Hungarian birth, and his student Frederick Seitz whom we... 

As we saw in Chapter 3, the founding text of modern materials science was Frederick Seitz s The Modern Theory of Solids (1940) an updated version of this, also very influential in its day, was Charles Wert and Robb Thomson s Physies of Solids (1964). Alan Cottrell s Theoretical Structural Metallurgy appeared in 1948 (see Chapter 5) although devoted to metals, this book was in many ways a true precursor of materials science texts. Richard Weiss brought out Solid State Physics for Metallurgists in 1963. Several books such as Properties of Matter (1970), by Mendoza and Flowers, were on the borders of physics and materials science. Another key precursor book, still cited today, was Darken and Gurry s book. Physical Chemistry of Metals (1953), followed by Swalin s Thermodynamics of Solids. 

Dr. Frederick Seitz, doyen of solid-state physicists, has given me much helpful information, about the history of semiconductors in particular, and has provided an invaluable exemplar (as has Sir Alan Cottrell) of what a scientist can achieve in retirement. 

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