Chemistry and Matter

Matter, the stuff of the universe, has many different forms. You are made of matter. There is matter in the bed, blankets, and sheets on which you sleep as well as in the clothes you wear. There is matter in the food you eat, and in medications and vitamins you may take. You have learned that ozone is a chemical that occurs naturally in the environment, whereas CFCs do not. Although both chemicals are invisible gases, they, too, are matter. 

High-tech fabrics that don t hinder athietic performance, water, fertiiizers, pesticides, food, grocery items, ciothing, buiiding materiais, hair care products, piastics, and even the human body are made of chemicais. 

A scale measures the downward pull of gravity on an object. If this scale were used on the Moon, the reading would be less than on Earth. 

It might seem more convenient for scientists to simply use weight instead of mass. You might wonder why it is so important to think of matter in terms of mass. Scientists need to be able to compare the measurements that they make in different parts of the world. They could identify the gravitational force every time they weigh something but that is not practical or convenient. This is why they use mass as a way to measure matter independent of gravitational force. 

What you see and what you don t What can you observe about the outside of your school building or a skyscraper downtown You know that there is more than meets the eye to such a building. There are beams inside the walls that give the building structure, stability, and function. Consider another 

Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes that it undergoes. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Mass is a measurement of the amount of matter in an object. Everything, however, is not made of matter. For example, heat, light, radio waves, and magnetic fields are some things that are not made of matter. 

You might wonder why scientists measure matter in terms of mass, and not in terms of weight. Your body is made of matter, and you probably weigh yourself in pounds. However, your weight is not just a measure of the amount of matter in your body. Your weight also includes the effect of Earth s gravitational pull on your body. This force is not the same everywhere on Earth. Scientists use mass to measure matter instead of weight because they need to compare measurements taken in different locations. 

Matter is made up of particles, called atoms, that are so small they cannot be seen with an ordinary light microscope. The structure, composition, and behavior of all matter can he explained by atoms and the changes they undergo. 

Because there are so many types of matter, there are many areas of study in the field of chemistry. Chemistry is usually divided into five branches, as summarized in the table helow. 

Organic chemistry most carbon-containing chemicals pharmaceuticals, plastics 

I50EI6S Branches of chemistry involve the study of different kinds of matter. 

Real-World Reading Link If you consider that everything around you is matter, you will realize that chemists study a huge variety of things. 

You might realize that everyday objects are composed of matter, but how do you define matter Recall that matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Also recall that mass is a measurement that reflects the amount of matter. You know that your textbook has mass and takes up space, but is air matter You cannot see it and you cannot always feel it. However, when you inflate a balloon, it expands to make room for the air. The balloon gets heavier. Thus, air must be matter. Is everything matter The thoughts and ideas that fiU your head are not matter neither are heat, light, radio waves, nor magnetic fields. What else can you name that is not matter  

Mass and weight Have you ever used a bathroom scale to measure your weight Weight is a measure not only of the amount of matter but also of the effect of Earths gravitational pull on that matter. This force is not exactly the same everywhere on Earth and actually becomes less as you move away from Earths surface at sea level. You might not notice a difference in your weight from one place to another, but subtle differences do exist. 

Incorporate information from this section into your Foldable. 

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You will describe the relationship between chemistry and matter. 

Visit the Chemistry Web site at chemistrymc.com to find links about chemistry and matter. 

This Chapter deals with the vapour + liquid equilibrium of pure substances over the range of pressure 0.1 kPa to their critical pressures - which seldom exceed 5000 kPa. It therefore excludes consideration of all methods for the determination of very low vapour pressures, such as that of Knudsen (also excluded are consideration of measurements at temperatures greater than 700 K, and more than passing reference to measurements at temperatures below ambient), and it deals primarily with the determination at high accuracy of the vapour pressures of organic liquids, and with the subsequent treatment of the results obtained. The subject has been well covered in two chapters in Volume 1 of the series Physical Methods of Organic Chemistry , and matters dealt with in those two chapters are included in the pages which follow only when they are necessary for the development of the discussion, or when they are matters the writer wishes to emphasize. Another source of relevant information is the book by Hala, Pick, Fried, and Vilim. ... 

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