The Colleges and Universities

The next five chapters focus on the British universities and colleges. In each case, we have attempted to provide the reader a brief historical context of each institution without overwhelming the true focus of the book the women chemists and their experiences. The biographical accounts in these chapters focus 

Though the (co-educational) universities (see Chaps. 3, 5, and 7) all claimed to welcome women students, their daily experience was often otherwise. We have included a selection of comments from student magazines by male correspondents that indicate significant hostility to the presence of women. Carol Dyhouse has summarised the situation  

In many cases they [women students] were excluded from membership of existing societies and student unions, and found it necessary (or expedient) to form their own. The presence of a minority group of women frequently served to underline rather than undermine the norms of the dominant male culture, and male students often went in for exaggerated displays of masculinity, particularly in informal settings, where 

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The College and University Faculty Directorate has been offering hands-on polymer chemistry demonstrations and experiments workshops for faculty for nearly a decade. In addition to this active program, the Directorate also oversees the Curriculum Development Award as well as the Textbook Author Program. Both of these programs are targeted toward increasing the availability of curricular materials in the polymer area. 

A. Almost all of the colleges and universities in the United States and Canada, and many in Europe, take part in the AP program. The vast majority of the 2,900 U.S. colleges and universities that receive AP grades grant credit and/or advanced placement. Even colleges that receive only a few AP candidates and may not have specific AP policies are often willing to accommodate AP students who inquire about advanced-placement work. 

Many schools prefer online submissions to such a degree that they offer incentives to entice students to forgo paper applications. The following list represents many of the dozens of schools that waive their fee if you apply online. More than 10% of the colleges and universities that accept the common application are on the list. Since application fees can be as high as 70.00 each, the savings can be significant. 

The U.S. government should pay for the college and university tuition of anyone who wishes to complete higher education. ... 

On the SAT Chemistry test, your raw score is calculated as follows You receive one point for each question you answer correctly, but you lose one-quarter point for each question you answer incorrectly. You do not gain or lose any points for questions that you do not answer at all. Your raw score is then converted into a scaled score by a statistical method that takes into account how well you did compared to others who took the same test. Scaled scores range from 200 to 800 points. Your scaled score will be reported to you, to your high school, and to the colleges and universities that you designate to receive it. 

Now what are the colleges and universities doing about the problem And what should they be doing ... 

The education problem in India is vast and complicated. In 1977 there were 625 million people in India, with an annual increase of 12-13 mil-lion/yr. The age distribution is heavily skewed toward the lower ages which constitute about 42% of the population (II). Those of college age represent about 17% or 106 million persons. There are 118 universities with a total enrollment of about 3.2 million (R2). There are 32 chemical engineering departments with an annual capacity of 1400 students (in contrast to 8 departments with a 200-student capacity in 1948). Thus, only about 7000 students are chemical engineers—a very small fraction of the students in the colleges and universities. 

Kovac, J. 1999. Professional Ethics in the College and University Science Curriculum. Science and Education 8(3) 309-319. 

The study of applied mathematics builds on a solid and in-depth comprehension of pure mathematics. The student begins by taking courses in mathematics throughout secondary school to acquire a solid foundational knowledge of basic mathematical principles before entering college or university studies. A specialization in mathematics at the college and university level is essential to practically all areas of... 

Careers in textile production depend on a sound basic education in chemistry, physics, mathematics, and materials science. Students anticipating such a career should be prepared to take advanced courses in these areas at the college and university level, with specialization in organic chemistry, polymer chemistry, and industrial chemistry. Postsecondary programs specializing in textiles and the textile industry also are available, and provide the specialist training necessary for a career in the manufacture and use of fibers and textiles. The chemistry of color and dyes is another important aspect of the field, representing a distinct area of specialization. 

More than 40 American colleges and universities are equipped with laboratories for fire testing and research. In addition to the colleges and universities that serve primarily as institutions for fire science training and education, there are others, both private and state-supported, whose engineering, physics, or science departments engage in such activities. 

Based on my experiences in academia and the private and public sectors, I know that some academics believe the university is the last bastion of ethical behavior in society, that it is the place where the highest ethics are practiced or, if not actually practiced, at least advocated. Universities certainly have the comer on ethics rhetoric, but they do not have a monopoly on ethical conduct. Accordingly, you and your student peers may get the erroneous idea that ethics—either personal or organizational—are irrelevant or devalued off the campus, in the business and professional world. You may believe that it is downhill from here in that ethical expectations will be less out there in the real world than they are in the college and university setting. You may be conditioned to think that professional ethics is an oxymoron. To the contrary, ethical conduct is an everyday issue in the practice of the profession and you will encounter some ethics exemplars. 

Food science is taught in more than 60 universities in the United States. Most of the colleges and universities that provide undergraduate food science programs also offer advanced degrees. 

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