Sanger: Frederick

The commercially important samarium-containing minerals are treated with concentrated sulfuric acid or, in the case of monazite, with a solution of sodium hydroxide (73%) at approximately 40°C (104°E) and under pressure. The element is separated from the solutions via solvent extraction or ion exchange. Sm salts are weakly yellow and may exhibit ion emission. Sm ions show luminescence and are sometimes used to generate lasers. Samarium is used in the manufacture of headphones and tape drivers, see ALSO Cerium Dysprosium Erbium Europium Gadolinium Holmium Lanthanum Lutetium Neodymium Praseodymium Promethium Terbium Ytterbium. 

MoeUer, Therald (1973). The Chemistry of the Lanthanides. In Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry, ed. J. C. Bailar Jr. H. J. Emeleus Sir Ronald Nyholm and A. F. Trotman-Dickenson. Oxford, UK Pergamon Press. 

Erederick Sanger is surely one of the most outstanding biochemists of modern times. His methods for determining the exact sequence of amino acids in proteins and of nucleotides in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) have won him numerous awards, including two Nobel Prizes in chemistry. 

Sanger was bom on August 13, 1918, in the village of Rendcombe in Gloucestershire, England. He attended St.John s College, Cambridge Uni- 

DNA deoxyribonucleic acid—the natural polymer that stores genetic information in the nucleus of a cell 

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SANGER, FREDERICK (1918—J. A11 English biochemist who won the Nobel prize for cliemistiy ill 1958. His research was on protein structure. He identified the amino acid sequence of the protein insulin. His PhD. was awarded from Cambridge University. 

Sanger, Frederick (1958). The Chemistry of Insulin. Nobel e-Museum. Available from . 

Saccharic acids. See Aldaric acids Saccharin, 997 Salicylic acid, 737 acetylation of, 952 acidity of, 953 synthesis of, 952-954 Samuelsson, Bengt, 1025 Sandmeyer reactions, 892, 894, 906—907, 919 Sanger, Frederick, 1070—1074, 1101—1102 Sanger s reagent. See l-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene a-Santonin, 1046 Saponification, 794—799 Sawhorse diagrams, 90—91 Saytzeff. See Zaitsev, Alexander M. Schiemann reaction, 892, 893, 905 Schiff s base, 673, 689. See also Imines Schrbdinger, Erwin, 7 Schrbdinger equation. See Wave equation Scientific method, 217... 

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