Multiple criteria

For most of the above, and in order to satisfy bonndary and negative testing criteria, multiple runs of the phase wonld be necessary. Evidence collected dnring the test would typically comprise ... 

You can select records on the basis of two or more criteria. Multiple criteria can be combined to produce a logical AND, a logical OR, or a combination of AND and OR. 

Based on cell location and immunohistochemical criteria, multiple distinct SMC populations have also appeared in bovine pulmonary artery [12]. Here, cytoskeletal and ECM proteins are distinctly distributed in the lumenal vs. adventitial layer of the tunica media, similarly to the canine carotid artery [191]. Each of four identified SMC populations appears to Two specific SMC subpopulations exist in the tunica media but only one partecipates in the neointima formation... 

Seiford, L., and Yu, P. L. (1979), Potential Solutions of Linear Systems The Multi-Criteria Multiple Constrain Levels Program, Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, Vol. 69, pp. 283-303. 

The most reliable estimates of the parameters are obtained from multiple measurements, usually a series of vapor-liquid equilibrium data (T, P, x and y). Because the number of data points exceeds the number of parameters to be estimated, the equilibrium equations are not exactly satisfied for all experimental measurements. Exact agreement between the model and experiment is not achieved due to random and systematic errors in the data and due to inadequacies of the model. The optimum parameters should, therefore, be found by satisfaction of some selected statistical criterion, as discussed in Chapter 6. However, regardless of statistical sophistication, there is no substitute for reliable experimental data. 

Multiple bonds are revealed clearly by anisotropic effects. Textbook examples include alkynes, shielded along the C=C triple bond, and alkenes and carbonyl compounds, where the nuclei are deshielded in the plane of the C=C and C=0 double bonds, respectively One criterion for distinguishing methyl groups attached to the double bond of pulegone (31), for example, is the carbonyl anisotropic effect. 

Your facility may include multiple establishments that have different primary SIC codes. If so, calculate the value of the products produced or shipped from each establishment within the facility and then use the following rule to determine if your facility meets the SIC code criterion ... 

Emission of light due to an allowed electronic transition between excited and ground states having the same spin multiplicity, usually singlet. Lifetimes for such transitions are typically around 10 s. Originally it was believed that the onset of fluorescence was instantaneous (within 10 to lO-" s) with the onset of radiation but the discovery of delayed fluorescence (16), which arises from thermal excitation from the lowest triplet state to the first excited singlet state and has a lifetime comparable to that for phosphorescence, makes this an invalid criterion. Specialized terms such as photoluminescence, cathodoluminescence, anodoluminescence, radioluminescence, and Xray fluorescence sometimes are used to indicate the type of exciting radiation. 

The insufficiency of a single physiological selection criterion for drought resistance has been indicated repeatedly. The most urgent problem in breeding for drought resistance is the construction of a multiple selection... 

Development candidates must be measured against multiple performance criteria, including such aspects as potency, safety, and novelty. Conflict may be experienced between the criteria, in which improved performance in one criterion can only be achieved at the expense of detriment to another. In this situation—as is often the case for activity against bioavailability—a trade-off is said to exist between the objectives. A trade-off between potency and safety may also be present. 

Figure 3 gives two examples of L and L closeness of two functions. The L closeness leaves open the possibility that in a small region of the input space (with, therefore, small contribution to the overall error) the two functions can be considerably different. This is not the case for L closeness, which guarantees some minimal proximity of the two functions. Such a proximity is important when, as in this case, one of the functions is used to predict the behavior of the other, and the accuracy of the prediction has to be established on a pointwise basis. In these cases, the L error criterion (4) and its equivalent [Eq. (6)] are superior. In fact, L closeness is a much stricter requirement than L closeness. It should be noted that whereas the minimization of Eq. (3) is a quadratic problem and is guaranteed to have a unique solution, by minimizing the IT expected risk [Eq. (4)], one may yield many solutions with the same minimum error. With respect to their predictive accuracy, however, all these solutions are equivalent and, in addition, we have already retreated from the requirement to find the one and only real function. Therefore, the multiplicity of the best solutions is not a problem. 

Within esqjlicit schemes the computational effort to obtain the solution at the new time step is very small the main effort lies in a multiplication of the old solution vector with the coeflicient matrix. In contrast, implicit schemes require the solution of an algebraic system of equations to obtain the new solution vector. However, the major disadvantage of explicit schemes is their instability [84]. The term stability is defined via the behavior of the numerical solution for t —> . A numerical method is regarded as stable if the approximate solution remains bounded for t —> oo, given that the exact solution is also bounded. Explicit time-step schemes tend to become unstable when the time step size exceeds a certain value (an example of a stability limit for PDE solvers is the von-Neumann criterion [85]). In contrast, implicit methods are usually stable. 

In multiple linear regression (MLR) we are given an nxp matrix X and an n vector y. The problem is to find an unknown p vector b such that the product y of X with b is as close as possible to the original y using a least squares criterion ... 

The criterion for association in the classical trajectory calculations is the presence of multiple inner turning points between Cl and the CH3Clb center of mass. Two types of Cl -CH3Clb complexes, short-range and long-range, were observed in the trajectories. The two different complexes were identified by the Cl -C distance... 

These multiple branches are not equivalent. From the contour lines in Figure 7.8, we can deduce which branch is stable, and which branch is not. The middle branch (C-C1) lies in a range where, for a given value of p, F increases with u. The derivative of F with respect to u is therefore positive which is just the criterion we found for an unstable equilibrium. Any fluctuation of u at constant p will drive the system away from the branch C-C. The opposite holds for the upper and lower branches A-C and A -C that lie in a range where F decreases when u increases. The derivative of F with respect to u is therefore negative and any concentration fluctuation around an equilibrium state along these branches dies out rapidly. The branches A-C and A -C are stable steady-states. 

Commercial status is another major criterion. Industry generally tends to be suspicious of processes which have not been proved in commercial application. Therefore, processes with multiple installations in the same service as the currently proposed application, of the same scale or larger, will generally be preferred, even if at a somewhat higher projected cost, than processes which do not meet these criteria. 

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