Blood alcohols

Sidell FR, Pless JE Ethyl alcohol blood levels and... 

This decision meant that involuntary alcohol blood tests (and by extension, blood or other tests for drugs) were not unconstimtional in themselves. Roadside and other testing of suspected drunk drivers would later become routine. 

Lew authors described antidepressant analysis in alternative specimens, such as hair or oral fluid. LC-CID-MS and MS/MS mass spectra libraries for identification of several drugs were employed by Muller et al. [32] for the detection of maprotiline, citalopram, and their desmethyl metabolites in authentic hair specimens extracted ions chromatograms were employed for subsequent antidepressant quantification. Also Klys et al. [33] applied LC-MS/MS to the analysis of blood, urine, and hair specimens in a fatal case due to clomipramine overdose in combination with alcohol. Blood clomipramine and norclomipramine concentrations explained the fatal outcome, and hair analysis confirmed that the deceased was on clomipramine treatment for, at least, 12 months prior to his death. With regard to oral fluid analysis, de Castro et al. [34] developed and validated a... 

The following postmortem tissue concentrations were reported in a fatality due to the ingestion of chlorpheniramine and alcohol blood 1.1 pg/ml, bile 1.5 pg/ml, brain 2.5 pg/g, kidney 1.4pg/g, liver 6.6pg/g, lung 5.2pg/g a blood-alcohol concentration of 1200pg/ml was also reported (D. Reed, Clin. Toxicol., 1981,18,941-943). 

A woman who died about 3 hours after ingesting isopropyl alcohol was reported to have the following postmortem tissue concentrations isopropyl alcohol, blood 3300 pg/ml, brain 1800 pg/g, urine 2000 pg/ml acetone, blood 1200 pg/ml, brain 600 pg/g, urine 700 pg/ml (R. H. Cravey, per R. C. Baselt, Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man, 2nd Edn, Davis, California, Biomedical Publications, 1982, pp. 407-409). 

One study found that fluvoxamine 150 mg daily with alcohol impaired alertness and attention more than alcohol alone, whereas another study in subjects given 40 g of alcohol (blood-alcohol levels up to 70 mg%) found no evidence to suggest that the addition of fluvoxamine 50 mg twice daily worsened the performance of the psychomotor tests, and it even appeared to reverse some of the effects. The pharmacokinetics of alcohol were hardly affected by fluvoxamine, but the steady state maximum plasma levels of the fluvoxamine were increased by 20%, although the fluvoxamine AUC was unchanged. It was suggested that administration of alcohol may have promoted dissolution of fluvoxamine and increased the absorption rate without affecting bioavailability. Another study also found that fluvoxamine does not appear to enhance the detrimental effects of alcohol on the performance of psychomotor tests. ... 

ST 80.6—1995 test the performance of products when alcohol, blood, and body fluids come in contact with the fabric... 

Blood alcohols Blood proteins Narcotics Urine extracts... 

Warshawsky-Livne and Shinar, 2002). Similarly we study the effects of alcohol blood concentrations, glare, drugs, hours of sleep, and a host of other independent variables on dependent variables such as target detection, reaction time to obstacles, and crash involvement. 

There is clear evidence of the negative effects of alcohol on traffic safety, and the risk of accidents increases with the alcohol contents in the driver s blood. A Swedish study showed that the accident risk increased by a factor of four at an alcohol blood concentration of 0.04 per cent and a factor of 40 at a concentration of 0.15 per cent (Englnnd et al., 1998). Although the portion of drivers that are affected by alcohol is relatively low in Sweden (less then 0.2 per cent), alcohol is a contribnting factor in about a third of fatal traffic accidents. The significance of alcohol as a causal factor varies between different conntries, depending on alcohol consumption habits. 

Although the identification and quantitation of drugs, e.g., narcotics and alcohol blood levels, are of forensic interest, the major impact of analytical pyrolysis in forensic science is in the identification of complex natural and synthetic substances such as blood, skin, hair, wood, soil, fibers, plastics, and waxes, which might be associated with a suspect and found in the scene of the crime. 

---