Feasibility study phase

The project s SHE manager is responsible for the SHE programme and has to update it for each new phase. It must reflect the criteria that have to be met at each decision gate. The initial SHE programme, which is established at the start of the feasibility study phase, must address the following questions (DGl) ... 

When an oil or gas field has just been discovered, the quality of the information available about the well stream may be sparse, and the amount of detail put into the process design should reflect this. However, early models of the process along with broad cost estimates are needed to progress, and both design detail and cost ranges narrow as projects develop through the feasibility study and field development planning phases (see Section 12.0 for a description of project phases). 

In the feasibility phase the project is tested as a concept. Is it technically feasible and is it economically viable There may be a number of ways to perform a particular task (such as develop an oil field) and these have to be judged against economic criteria, availability of resources, and risk. At this stage estimates of cost and income (production) profiles will carry a considerable uncertainty range, but are used to filter out unrealistic options. Several options may remain under consideration at the end of a feasibility study. 

Setterwall, R, 2002. Advanced Thermal Energy Storage through Applications of Phase Change Materials and Chemical Reactions Feasibility Studies and Demonstration Projects, International Energy Agency (IEA), Annex 17. 

The feasibility study (FS) utilizes the data on site characterization and remedial technology screening to establish remedial alternatives, in turn, to select the cost-effective remedial actions. The FS may be viewed as occurring in three phases ... 

A feasibility study is necessary after the remedial investigation to make sure the proper remedial action has been selected. Once that has been completed, the USEPA publishes a Superfund Record of Decision (ROD), which describes the remedial action selected. The next step is the remedial design/ remedial action phase, which can include ... 

This gives rise to a warning In feasibility studies for an open batch distillation process certain assumptions are made as to the heating policy (see e.g. Ref. [7]). Since the ratio of the evaporation velocity to the liquid phase mass transfer coefficient uiiq/knq also depends on the heating policy , one must ensure that this ratio is sufficiently low otherwise the composition of the reactive arheotrope will also depend on the heating policy. ... 

The second phase is the feasibility study. This stage may require the expenditure of 1 to 2% of the total project cost. Thus for a 1,000 million project about 20 million will be required. This will define the location, feedstock and product market and the technology to be used. It will also typically encompass outline regulatory approval and assessment of environmental impacts. The error in the estimate is typically not less than about +/-10%. Financiers (bankers and corporate boards) like the error to be +1-5%. This level of estimate can usually only be achieved by a FEED study. 

Hummer, K., Schwegle, W., and Weckert, E. A feasibility study of experimental triplet-phase determination in small proteins. Ada Cryst. A47, 60-62 (19911... 

Early phase feasibility/late phase data. As the development moves from early phase II through to phase IV, the rationale for incorporating pharmacoeconomic parameters into studies should evolve. Initially, measures may be used in studies with small sample sizes to gain experience with certain instruments, or to determine which instrument is preferred for use in larger studies. Early on, the project team may think that everything conceivable ( all but the kitchen sink ) is being included in a study. In some cases, the instrument feasibility study could be done as a separate study, but the costs in terms of additional patients needed, and other resources required, need to be carefully considered before a decision to reject the inclusion of several pharmacoeconomic instruments in one early clinical study. 

Successful enantioseparation of individual N -protected amino acids stimulated the development of a rapid method of their simultaneous enantioseparation and quantification in a mixture. A feasibility study on this topic has been recently published by Welsch et al. [69]. The two-dimensional HPLC method involves online coupling of a narrow-bore C18 reverse phase (RP) column in the first dimension (separation of racemic amino acids) to a short enantioselective column based on nonporous 1.5 pm particles modified with t-BuCQD in the second dimension (determination of enantiomer composition). Using narrow-bore column resulted in fast analysis time for example, the mixture of nine racemic N-DNB-protected amino acids was completely analyzed within 16 min. 

The principal intent of a waste audit is to critically assess various inputs, processes, and outputs to find methods and practices for minimizing waste and reducing the resource consumption in a sustainable and environmentally benign way without compromising the commercial interest of the company. The waste audit phase would typically be a data collection and information synthesis phase that explores the current situation. Traditionally, an industrial waste audit also develops a list of waste minimization options and undertakes some preliminary technical and economic feasibility studies on the identified options to recommend about these opiions. 

When a Study Director is temporarily absent because of holidays, a scientific meeting, illness or an accident, his or her replacement will depend on the foreseen duration of absence. An absence of short duration might not necessitate the formal replacement of the Study Director, if it is possible to communicate with him or her if problems or emergencies arise. It would certainly be a good idea in such a case to at least also nominate a deputy, i.e. to delegate temporarily some or all responsibilities to competent staff. If the study is planned so that critical study phases would fall into the period of absence, these activities may then either be moved, if feasible, to a more suitable time (with study plan amendment, if necessary), or a temporary replacement of the Study Director should then be considered. Should the absence of the Study Director be of longer duration, the solution with a replacement should be preferred rather than just to delegate the tasks to competent staff. 

Foster Wheeler Corporation s efforts toward full commercialization of this process are extended in the framework of a three phase program of process research and bench-scale feasibility studies, pilot plant operation, and large scale demonstration. Only the conclusions directly pertaining to the process are discussed here. A detailed discussion of the mechanism and kinetics of this rather involved system is beyond the scope of this paper and will be reported at a later date. 

Jacob, P., Wehling, B., Hill, W., and Klockow, D., Feasibility study of Raman spectroscopy as a tool to investigate the liquid-phase chemistry of aliphatic organic peroxides, Appl. Spectrosc., 51, 74-80, 1997. 

Randall, A Feasibility Study of Explosive Melt-Load Process Improvement by the Use of Dielectric and Microwave Energy Concepts. Phase II. Test Model , Rept SHI-3100-12, Shock Hydrodynamics Inc, Sherman Oaks, Ca (1971) (Limited distrib) 14) Anon, Engrg Des Hndbk, Properties of Exploaves of Military Interest , AMCP 706-177 (1971) 15) H.W. 

Preparative TLC is an ideal quantitative technique for radioactive and toxic substances and for feasibility studies of reactions of expensive pharmaceutical mixtures. A recent innovation has been the introduction of taper plates (Analtech) for use in preparative TLC work. The dimensions and features of the taper plate are illustrated in Figure 3.14. Sample concentration prior to separation occurs in the pre-adsorbent zone. The tapered adsorbent layer causes low R bands to separate further than on a preparative plate of constant thickness. A more uniform mobile phase flow pattern and reduced vertical band spreading, further enhance the performance. 

ANON, Euro-Quebec Hydro-Hydrogen Pilot Project - Phase II Feasibility Study, Final Report, Volumes I - HI, Government of Quebec and Commission of the European Conununities (1991). 

The next step towards successful development of the SF extraction process is to move from small-scale investigations to bench scale feasibility studies. Bench-scale data will provide information to evaluate process design issues and to establish the utility of this technology. Key conqwnents of this technology that must be evaluated are (a) ligand solubility in SC COj. (b) metal ion extraction into SC CO2, (c) metal chelate solubility in SC CO2, and (d) metal ion recovery from a metal-laden SC CO2 phase. Hie overall goal of the SFE process is the concentration of the contaminants, as depicted in Hgure 6. 

Long before a test plant is built, that is, already during the constmction of the laboratory apparatus and at the beginning of the planning phase, the first consideration of the safety concept must be made. The first step is to gather the relevant substance data (Section 3.2). Then the necessary auxiliary substances are considered (must an AI liquid be used, or is a B classified solvent adequate ). For the transition from alabora-tory to a pilot plant, a detailed safety concept must be provided and discussed with the relevant departments (head of pilot plant, safety department, etc.). At the end of process development all safety-relevant aspects must be documented. This document is the basis of the safety studies (Section 5.2.2) in the framework of the feasibility study (Section 5.1). 

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