Phase-change material

Phase change materials are thermal storage materials that are used to regulate temperature fluctuations. The thermal energy transfer occurs when a material changes fi-om a solid to a hquid or from a liquid to a solid. This is called a change in state, or phase. 

Incorporating microcapsules of PCM into textile structures improves the thermal performance of the textiles. Phase change materials store energy when they change from solid to liquid and dissipate it when they 

PCM can be applied to fibers in a wet-spinning process, incorporated into foam or embedded into a binder and applied to fabric topically, or contained in a cell structure made of a textile reinforced synthetic material [39, 40], 

In manufacturing the fiber, the selected PCM microcapsules are added to the liquid polymer or polymer solution, and the fiber is then expanded according to the conventional methods such as dry or wet spinning of polymer solutions and extrusion of pol5mier melts. 

Fabrics can be formed from the fibers containing PCM by conventional weaving, knitting or nonwoven methods, and these fabrics can be applied to numerous clothing applications. 

There are other possibilities for the thermal control of batteries, namely  

---

A manufacturing technology to produce very small encapsulated phase-change materials has been developed (47). These encapsulated phase-change materials were appHed in a convective heat-transfer test section, and a 50—100% higher heat-transfer coefficient was reported. 

Fig. 17. Heat-transfer coefficient comparisons for the same volumetric flow rates for (A) water, 6.29 kW, and a phase-change-material slurry (O), 10% mixture, 12.30 kW and ( ), 10% mixture, 6.21 kW. The Reynolds number was 13,225 to 17,493 for the case of water.

HEAT STORAGE BY PHASE CHANGING MATERIALS AND THERMOECONOMICS... 

Adebiyi, G. A., 1991, A second law study on packed-bed energy storage systems utilizing phase change materials, ASME J. Solar Energy Eng. 113 146—156. 

Go, Z., Liu, H., and Li, Y., 2004, Thermal energy recovery of air conditioning system—heat recovery system calculation and phase change materials development, Applied Thermal Eng. 24 2511—2526... 

Setterwall, R, 2002. Advanced Thermal Energy Storage through Applications of Phase Change Materials and Chemical Reactions Feasibility Studies and Demonstration Projects, International Energy Agency (IEA), Annex 17. 

PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS AND THEIR BASIC PROPERTIES... 

Abstract. This section is an introduction into materials that can be used as Phase Change Materials (PCM) for heat and cold storage and their basic properties. At the beginning, the basic thermodynamics of the use of PCM and general physical and technical requirements on perspective materials are presented. Following that, the most important classes of materials that have been investigated and typical examples of materials to be used as PCM are discussed. These materials usually do not fulfill all requirements. Therefore, solution strategies and ways to improve certain material properties have been developed. The section closes with an up to date market review of commercial PCM, PCM composites and encapsulation methods. 

Physical, Technical and Economical Requirements on Phase Change Materials... 

Zalba B., J.M. Mann, L.F. Cabeza, and H. Mehling, 2003. Review on thermal energy storage with phase change Materials, heat transfer analysis and apphcations, Appl. Thermal Eng., 23, 251-283. 

---