Fan studies

L. Yu, Y. Ming, and M. Fan, Studies on the photochromic mechanism of l,2,-dimethyl-5-phenyl-3-pyrryl succinic anhydride, Res. Chem. Intermed., 13, 829-838 (1993). 

L. H. Yu, Y. F. Ming, and M. G. Fan, Studies on photoinduced electron transfer reaction between pyrryl-substituted fulgide and tetracyanoquinodimethane, Chin. Sci. Bull., 38(21), 1775-1778... 

B. Fanning, P.H. in t Veld, S. Notermans and J. Kramer, J. Appl. Bacteriol. 11 (1994) 319. B. Fanning, Studies on the desiccation resistance of various bacterial strains PhD Thesis. Rheinischen Friedrich Wilhelms University of Bonn. Germany (1995). 

Fan studied the transport properties of three ferrocene derivatives carrying different types of charge inside two gels of polyacrylamide and polyacrylate (55). The latter gel formed a passivation layer by electrophoresis, which behaved as a cation-exchange membrane. Chronoamperometry was applied while penetrating the film and revealed diffusion coefficients slightly below those inside the solution. From this, the author concluded that the transport occurs via water-filled domains. 

Moffat T P, Fan FRF and Bard A 1991 Electrochemical and scanning tunneling microscopic study of dealloying of CUjAu J. Electrochem. Soc. 138 3224... 

The flow characteristics inside Hquid atomizers have been studied by numerous investigators (4—8). Of special interest to designers is the work reported on swid atomizers (4), fan spray atomizers (6,7), and plain jets (8). The foUowing discussion focuses on the flow characteristics of a swid atomizer. 

Large Fans These could be used to dilute a vapor cloud below its LFL with ambient air (see, for example, Whiting and Shaffer, Feasi-bihty Study of Hazardous Vapor Amelioration Techniques, Proc. 1978 Nat. Conf. on Control of Hazardous Material Spills, USEPA, Miami Beach, April 1978). But caution must be exercised because the turbulence produced by fans will likely promote rapid combustion and a resulting UVCE unless vapors are diluted below the LFL. Nevertheless, in new plants, strategic placement of air coolers may provide enough air flow to reduce the risk of a UVCE. 

Li et al. [36] performed an extensive study on AP in a Sulzer SMX statie mixer with both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. They showed that AP inereased by a faetor of 23 in a SMX statie mixer in the laminar flow regime. Figure 7-24 shows their eorrelation between the Fanning frietion faetor and the Reynolds number for experimental points under various operating eonditions. 

Several major studies of indoor-air quality problems have shown that filters would have been able to prevent blocked ducts, fans, and heat exchangers. Other major lAQ problems such as impurities from outside and microorganisms in the system need not arise given the correct choice of filter. 

The economics of forced and induced draft cooling tower operation require a study of fan and water pump horsepower and usually dictate a fan static pressure requirement not to exceed 0.75-1.0 in. of water. For atmospheric and natural draft towers the economics of pumping water are still very important. This means that the ground area must be so selected as to keep the height dovm while not dropping the unit rates so low that performance becomes poor. This then, is a balance of ground area versus total deck height. Pritchard [16] presents an... 

For study purposes the effects of performance as related to fan horsepower may be patterned after Figures 9-121 and 9-122. The conditions for actual air inlet condiuons for an induced draft fan must be obtained from Equation 9-127 read from a diagrtim similar to Figure 9-109. 

Fans are used in parallel to obtain increased capacity in preference to a single large installation, to increase capacity at constant pressure, and for low-resistance systems requiring large capacities. It is important to study the effect of the addition or removal of fens on the system. This is done using the system resistance and the fan characteristics. 

To have the fan represent the best possible selection considering the particular circumstances and requirements, it is important to study the fan type curves and to recognize whether a small change in system resistance would be easily handled by a particular fan, whether speed variations and the resulting volume and pressure changes are acceptable, and whether the fan can be protected against corrosion, etc. References 19, 31, and 38 will be helpful. Specifications should be submitted to several manufecturers for their recommendations. In this way full advantage is received from... 

The correlation studies of heat and mass transfer in pellet beds have been investigated by many, usually in terms of the. /-factors (113-115). According to Chilton and Colburn the two. /-factors are equal in value to one half of the Fannings friction factor / used in the calculation of pressure drop. The. /-factors depend on the Reynolds number raised to a factor varying from —0.36 to —0.68, so that the Nusselt number depends on the Reynolds number raised to a factor varying from 0.64 to 0.32. In the range of the Reynolds number from 10 to 170 in the pellet bed, jd should vary from 0.5 to 0.1, which yields a Nusselt number from 4.4 to 16.1. The heat and mass transfer to wire meshes has received much less attention (110,116). The correlation available shows that the /-factor varies as (Re)-0-41, so that the Nusselt number varies as (Re)0-69. In the range of the Reynolds number from 20 to 420, the j-factor varies from 0.2 to 0.05, so that the Nusselt number varies from 3.6 to 18.6. The Sherwood number for CO is equal to 1.05 Nu, but the Sherwood number for benzene is 1.31 Nu. 

Labeled initiators have been used in evaluating the relative reactivity of a wide range of monomers towards initiating radicals.159 The method involves determination of the relative concentrations of the end groups fanned by addition to two monomers (e.g. 119 and 120) in a binary copolymer formed with use of a labeled initiator. For example, when AlBMe-a-13C is used to initiate copolymerization of MMA and VAc (Scheme 3.99),157 the simple relationship (eq. 14) gives the relative rate constants for addition to the two monomers. Copolymerizations studied in this way arc summarized in Tabic 3.13. 

Even though dynein, kinesin, and myosin serve similar ATPase-dependent chemomechanical functions and have structural similarities, they do not appear to be related to each other in molecular terms. Their similarity lies in the overall shape of the molecule, which is composed of a pair of globular heads that bind microtubules and a fan-shaped tail piece (not present in myosin) that is suspected to carry the attachment site for membranous vesicles and other cytoplasmic components transported by MT. The cytoplasmic and axonemal dyneins are similar in structure (Hirokawa et al., 1989 Holzbaur and Vallee, 1994). Current studies on mutant phenotypes are likely to lead to a better understanding of the cellular roles of molecular motor proteins and their mechanisms of action (Endow and Titus, 1992). 

The knowledge of turbulent premixed flames has improved from this very simple level by following the progress made in experimental and numerical techniques as well as theoretical methods. Much employed in early research, the laboratory Bunsen burners are characterized by relatively low turbulence levels with flow properties that are not constant everywhere in the flame. To alleviate these restrictions, Karpov et al. [5] pioneered as early as in 1959 the studies of turbulent premixed flames initiated by a spark in a more intense turbulence, produced in a fan-stirred quasi-spherical vessel. Other experiments carried out among others by Talantov and his coworkers allowed to determine the so-called turbulent flame speed in a channel of square cross-section with significant levels of turbulence [6]. 

Numerous researchers have studied damage to micro-organisms during flow in pipes, (Fig. 11) [87,88] Most researchers use a Fanning friction factor, f, to calculate the energy dissipation rate for fully developed flow in tubular bioreactors and capillary flow devices. There are minor differences in the equations that are used but they are generally of the following form [89,901 ... 

Fan Y, Shi LM, Kohn KW, Pommier Y, Weinstein JN. Quantitative structure-antitumor activity relationships of camptothecin analogues cluster analysis and genetic algorithm-based studies. J Med Chem 2001 44 3254-63. 

Bavarian and Fan [3, 4] reported a similar phenomenon occurring in a three-phase fluidized bed. In their case, the hydraulic transport of a packed bed occurred at the start-up of a gas-liquid-solid fluidized bed. Although the cause was different from the case reported in the present study, similar phenomena were observed in both cases. 

Zinc sulfide, with its wide band gap of 3.66 eV, has been considered as an excellent electroluminescent (EL) material. The electroluminescence of ZnS has been used as a probe for unraveling the energetics at the ZnS/electrolyte interface and for possible application to display devices. Fan and Bard [127] examined the effect of temperature on EL of Al-doped self-activated ZnS single crystals in a persulfate-butyronitrile solution, as well as the time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) of the compound. Further [128], they investigated the PL and EL from single-crystal Mn-doped ZnS (ZnS Mn) centered at 580 nm. The PL was quenched by surface modification with U-treated poly(vinylferrocene). The effect of pH and temperature on the EL of ZnS Mn in aqueous and butyronitrile solutions upon reduction of per-oxydisulfate ion was also studied. EL of polycrystalline chemical vapor deposited (CVD) ZnS doped with Al, Cu-Al, and Mn was also observed with peaks at 430, 475, and 565 nm, respectively. High EL efficiency, comparable to that of singlecrystal ZnS, was found for the doped CVD polycrystalline ZnS. In all cases, the EL efficiency was about 0.2-0.3%. 

A. V., Yao, X., Doucet, J. P., Fan, B., Hoonakker, F., Fourches, D., Jost, P., Lachiche, N., Vamek, A. Benchmarking of linear and nonlinear approaches for quanfitafive structure-property relafionship studies of metal complexafion with ionophores. J. Chem. Inf. Model. 2006, 46, 808-819. 

S. Fan, S. Yuan, and Y. Ye. A laboratory study of adhesion agent of er type for casing cementing. J Jianghan Petrol Inst, 18(2) 77-80, June 1996. 

Spray nozzle type plays an important role in the success of agrochemical application. For broadcast applications to soil, flat fan nozzles should be used. Newer spray tips such as the DG TeeJet, XR TeeJet, Turbo TeeJet and similar nozzles supplied by Lechler and Hardy have provided acceptable results in a number of studies. For a given nozzle type, the lower the application pressure, the larger is the spray droplet size and the less potential for spray drift. Similarly, the closer the boom is positioned to the soil surface, the less is the potential for spray drift." Most applications are made with spray tips having 80° or 110° spray angles and boom heights of about 50 cm above the soil surface. 

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