Vaporization hazards

Health nd Safety Factors. Isophorone is considered moderately toxic by ingestion and skin contact. Some rat tumor formation evidence has been found (264), but no demonstration as a human carcinogen has been proven. Isophorone is considered an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) priority pollutant, and has a permissible acute toxicity concentration of 117, 000 ///L to protect freshwater aquatic life, 12, 900 ///L to protect saltwater aquatic life, and 5, 200 ///L to protect human life (265). Isophorone is mildly toxic by inhalation, but because of its low volatiUty it is not a serious vapor hazard. 

GD is a lethal anticholinesterase agent. Although it is primarily a vapor hazard, its toxic hazard is high for inhalation, ingestion, and eye and skin exposure. Its rate of detoxification in the body is low. 

Small areas Ventilate to remove the vapors. If condensation is present, decontaminate with copious amounts of a decontamination solution as described in Section 1.6.1. Collect and place into containers lined with high-density polyethylene. Wash the area with copious amounts of soap and water. Collect and containerize the rinseate. Removal of porous material, including painted surfaces, maybe required because the nerve agent that has been absorbed into these materials can migrate back to the surface posing both a contact and vapor hazard. 

Bicyclophosphates are nonvolatile and do not pose a vapor hazard. Although these agents may be dissolved in volatile solvents, evaporation of the solvent does not increase the evaporation of the agent itself. Porous material, including painted surfaces, may absorb... 

Standard turnout gear with SCBA provides a first responder with sufficient protection from nerve agent vapor hazards inside interior or downwind areas of the hot zone to allow thirty minutes rescue time for known live victims. 

Personal Protective Equipment Standard turnout gear with SCBA provides a first responder with sufficient protection from nerve agent vapor hazards inside interior or downwind areas of the hot zone to allow thirty minutes rescue time for known live victims. Self-taped turnout gear with SCBA provides sufficient protection in an unknown nerve agent environment for a three-minute reconnaissance to search for living victims, (or a two-minute reconnaissance if mustard, blister agent (HD) is suspected). 

Chemical Contamination The deposition of chemical agents of personnel, clothing, equipment, strictures, or areas. Chemical contamination mainly consists of liquid, solid particles, and vapor hazards. Vapor hazards are probably the most prevalent means of contaminating the environment, although they are not necessarily a contact hazard. 

Buetzer P. 1985. [Handling of toxic substances Experience and hazard A vapor hazard index for substances.] Swiss Chem7(9) 25-26, 28. (German)... 

Chlorpyrifos does not have enough vapor pressure to present a vapor hazard however, if it is dispersed as a mist, particulate inhalation is possible. Five of seven spray workers exposed to 0.5% chlorpyrifos emulsion showed more than 50% reduction in cholinesterase within 2 weeks. Symptoms were not reported. 

HTTS is a completely modular, transportable incineration system. A rotary kUn heats contaminants and vaporizes hazardous organic components. The gaseous waste is then subjected to intense heat in the secondary combustion chamber. Gases are then cleaned by a wet quench and scrubber before being discharged. The ash produced by the kiln is nonhazardous and can be back-filled on site. 

The dispersion modeling of the resultant ammonia vapor hazard zones to the ERPG-2 value for ammonia of 200 ppm was done using the SLAB model. The isopleths for the D/5 and F/2 meteorological conditions found in these examples are shown in Figure 7.17 and 7.18. 

Generally, the analysis of pure liquid chemicals is very straightforward. Liquid chemicals with a boiling point below 100°C should generally be analyzed in a sealed cell (preferable for CWC-related analysis) or in solution (3). Other chemicals (bp > 100 °C) can be easily analyzed between KBr pellets. CWC-related chemicals are very toxic and therefore extra care should be taken in their analysis to avoid the vapor hazard. 

An airtight sample holder or at least an outer container for the sample should be used when possible. The spectrometer can be placed in a fume cupboard to avoid vapor hazard, but good ventilation of the sample compartment can be enough. It should be remembered that no sample preparation should be carried out in the same fume cupboard to avoid contamination of the instrument. Decontamination of an FTIR spectrometer is very difficult if not impossible. 

Because of its high boiling point (204°C), it does not ordinarily represent a vapor hazard. 

The vapor pressures and acute toxicity of these agents are sufficiently high for the vapors to be rapidly lethal. Within the G-series, GB is considered to present the greatest vapor hazard (order of vapor hazard approximates GB > GD > GF > GA). Agent VX was deliberately... 

---