Terms molecular

Rigor ll a muscle condition in which muscle fibers, depleted of ATP and phosphocreatine, develop a state of extreme rigidity and cannot be easily extended. (In death, this state is called rigor mortis, the rigor of death.) From what you have learned about muscle contraction, explain the state of rigor in molecular terms. 

Energy is the capacity to do work. Potential energy is the energy possessed by an object as a result of its position. Heat, another form of energy, ran be thought of in molecular terms as frictional losses of the uncoordinated motion of molecules. 

Schematically, the reaction can be given in molecular terms, as follows ...

While no other value exists for Hg (which testifies to the delicacy of the experimental approach), Farrell and McTigue80 have measured the temperature coefficient of the cpd between Hg and water. This quantity is dX/dTt from which a value of -0.4 meV K 1 has been estimated for dinterfacial structure is much more difficult than for Eaw0y which suggests that one should always proceed cautiously in trying to decode experimental quantities in molecular terms. 

In the case of adsorption of neutral polar molecules, the effect on is more tractable in molecular terms.7,89 Adsorption is believed to occur79 by displacement of solvent molecules close to the metal surface which are replaced by adsorbate molecules.90 At 0 = 0 (no adsorbate),Ea 0 is more conveniently written from Eq. (26) as... 

The idea is that X must govern in some way all properties of the interface, including the permittivity. The latter includes an electronic and a molecular term, which have been tentatively separated7 on the basis of model approaches. In this chapter, only the correlation of the capacitance with X is relevant. The correlation between 11C and tX has been demonstrated for eight metals in aqueous solution. It has been shown26,34 that the correlation derived from sp-metals is fit also by single-crystal faces of sd-metals. In particular, the capacitance of Ag increases in the sequence... 

Even though dynein, kinesin, and myosin serve similar ATPase-dependent chemomechanical functions and have structural similarities, they do not appear to be related to each other in molecular terms. Their similarity lies in the overall shape of the molecule, which is composed of a pair of globular heads that bind microtubules and a fan-shaped tail piece (not present in myosin) that is suspected to carry the attachment site for membranous vesicles and other cytoplasmic components transported by MT. The cytoplasmic and axonemal dyneins are similar in structure (Hirokawa et al., 1989 Holzbaur and Vallee, 1994). Current studies on mutant phenotypes are likely to lead to a better understanding of the cellular roles of molecular motor proteins and their mechanisms of action (Endow and Titus, 1992). 

The Aim of Biochemistry Is to Describe Explain, in Molecular Terms, All Chemical Processes of Living Cells... 

C02-0004. After a summer shower, rain puddles on the road quickly disappear. Describe what happens in molecular terms. 

The principles of stoichiometiy apply equally to solids, liquids, and gases. That is, no matter what phase substances are in, their chemical behavior can be described in molecular terms, and their transformations must be visualized and balanced using molecules and moles. 

C05-0065. Explain in molecular terms why each of these statements is true (a) At very high pressure, no gas behaves ideally, (b) At very low temperature, no gas behaves ideally. 

C05-0066. A cylinder with a movable piston contains a sample of gas. Describe in molecular terms the effect on pressure exerted by the gas for each of the following changes (a) The piston is pushed in. (b) Some gas is removed while the piston is held in place, (c) The gas is heated while the piston is held in place. 

C05-0143. People often remark that the air is thin at higher elevation. Explain this comment in molecular terms... 

C06-0138. According to Table 6H, molar heat capacities of monatomic gases (He, Ar) are significantly smaller than those of diatomic gases (N2, O2, H2). Explain in molecular terms why more heat must be supplied to raise the temperature of I mol of diatomic gas by I K than to raise the temperature of I mol of monatomic gas by 1 K. 

C14-0013. Explain the following differences in entropies in molecular terms (substances are at standard... 

C15-0082. If a reaction has an activation energy of zero, how will its rate constant change with temperature Explain in molecular terms what = 0 means. 

C15-0122. Explain in molecular terms why the Haber synthesis cannot proceed in a single-step elementary reaction. 

Starting from the other end of the reaction gives an analogous result. If Q is large and positive, so is In Q, and A G has a positive value, hi molecular terms, the reaction that forms N2 O4 cannot proceed when there is no NO2 present. Instead, the decomposition reaction of N2 O4 has a negative value for A G, so the... 

C16-0099. A saturated solution of chloroform (CHCI3) in water contains one drop of excess chloroform. If more liquid chloroform is added to this mixture, does the concentration of chloroform in die aqueous solution change Explain your answer in molecular terms. 

The surface potential change, besides the surface pressure, is the most important quantity describing the surface state in the presence of an adsorbed substance. However, the significance in molecular terms of this very useful experimental parameter still remains unclear. It is common in the literature to link A% with the properties of the neutral adsorbate by means of the Helmholtz equation" ... 

Both low molecular weight materials [145] and polymers [146,147] can show liquid crystallinity. In the case of polymers, it frequently occurs in very stiff chains such as the Kevlars and other aromatic polyamides. It can also occur with flexible chains, however, and it is these flexible chains in the elastomeric state that are the focus of the present discussion. One reason such liquid-crystalline elastomers are of particular interest is the fact that (i) they can be extensively deformed (as described for elastomers throughout this chapter), (ii) the deformation produces alignment of the chains, and (iii) alignment of the chains is central to the formation of liquid-crystalline phases. Because of fascinating properties related to their novel structures, liquid-crystalline elastomers have been the subject of numerous studies, as described in several detailed reviews [148-150]. The purpose here will be to mention some typical elastomers exhibiting liquid crystallinity, to describe some of their properties, and to provide interpretations of some of these properties in molecular terms. 

As in the case of atoms, the molecular term symbol is written as 2S+1L, where L is the absolute value of Ml (the highest positive value). The molecular states are designated as for atoms except for the use of capital Greek letters ... 

Even though well-characterized at a biophysical level, the mechanical transduction mechanism of hair cells is still not fully understood in molecular terms. This discrepancy is in part due to the extreme scarcity of hair cells instead of the millions or even hundreds of millions of receptor cells that the olfactory and visual systems possess, only a few tens of thousands of hair cells are found in the internal ears of most vertebrate species. The small number of hair cells and the direct transduction mechanism has greatly impeded molecular biological and... 

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