Expression infection

Prokaryotic Bacterial cells infected with bacteriophage Transient expression Infected cells Viral (bacterial phage) promoter and other elements required to support viral protein synthesis... 

G. Chatfield, S. Characterization of defined ompR mutants of Salmonella typhi ompR is involved in the regulation of Vi polysaccharide expression. Infect. Immun., 61, 3984-3993 (1994)... 

Because herpesviruses express proteins that are not dependent on viral DNA synthesis, caution must be taken when determining the efficacy of a compound by IFA. Inhibition of virus replication would be more directly reflected by measuring the concentration of viral DNA (see Subheading 3.7.2.), However, the IFA is useful when compounds are being evaluated for use in kinetic studies of virus gene expression. Infected cultures will usually become IFA-positive 3 d post infection, reaching a peak of virus-infected cells at approx 7 d post infection. The method consists of two steps slide preparation and staining. 

Florczyk, M. A., McCue, L. A., Purkayastha, A., Currenti, E., Wolin, M. J and McDonough, K. A. (2003) A family of acr-coregulated Mycobacterium tuberculosis genes shares a common DNA motif and requires Rv3133c (dosR or devR) for expression. Infect. Immun. 71, 5332-5343. 

Bansal, T., Englert, D., Lee, J., Hegde, M., Wood, T. K., and Jayaraman, A. (2007). Differential effects of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and indole on Escherichia coli 0157 H7 chemo-taxis, colonization, and gene expression. Infect. Immun. 75, 4597-4607. 

Zuckerman, S. H., Evans, G. F., and Butler, L. D. (1989b). Endotoxin tolerance Independent regulation of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor expression. Infect. Immun. 59, 2774-2780. 

CarbocycHc 2/3 -didehydro-2/3 -dideoxyguanosine [118353-05-2] (carbovk, CBV, 66), C H 2N502, synthesized in 1988 (177), is a promising candidate for the chemotherapy of AIDS. CBV inhibits HIV repHcation and HIV-induced cytopathic effects in a variety of human T-lymphoblastoid ceU lines at concentrations approximately two hundred- to four hundredfold below its cytotoxic concentrations (177). CBV is as effective as AZT and DDC in reducing the expression of vkal antigen in HIV-infected CEM ceUs (177). The antivkal potency and selectivity of carbovk is comparable to the anti-HIV-1 potency and selectivity of 2/3 -dideoxyadenosine (178). The exact mode of antivkal action of carbovk has not yet been elucidated, but may be the modulating effect of intraceUular nucleotides on 5 -nucleotidase activity (179). 

Zaitseva, M., Blauvelt, A., Lee, S., Lapham, C. K., Klaus-Kovtun, V., Mostowski, H., Manischewitz, J., and Golding, H. (1997). Expression and function of CCR5 and CXCR4 on human langerhans cells and macrophages Implications for HIV primary infection. Nature Medicine 3 1369-1375. 

Rodriguez, J. F., et al. (1988). Expression of the firefly luciferase gene in vaccinia virus a highly sensitive gene marker to follow virus dissemination in tissues of infected animals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85 1667-1671. 

Therefore, in the cucumber-TMV system, tannic acid treatment had no effect on the establishment of infection it merely suppressed the expression of starch lesions and at the same time interfered with the defense mechanism of the host, permitting systemic spread of the virus. 

COPD is a chronic inflammatory disease that results from prolonged and repeated inhalation of particles and gases, chronic (or latent) infection or an interaction of these factors. In many cases, the inflammation persists even when the exposure (in most cases smoking) is stopped. Prominent among the infiltrating leukocytes are neutrophils, CD8+ lymphocytes (Co-receptor for the T-cell receptor. CD8+ is specific for the class IMHC protein. It is expressed on the surface of cytotoxic T-cells and natural killer cells.) and CD68+ monocytic cells (A lysosomal antigen. All cells that rich in... 

Recombinant human DL-1 receptor antagonist (Anakinra, Kineret ) blocks the biological activity of interleukin-1 by competitively inhibiting IL-1 binding to the interleukin-1 type I receptor (IL-1RI), which is expressed in a wide variety of tissues and organs. Thereby it reduces the pro-inflammatory activities of IL-1 including cartilage destiuction and bone resorption. Side effects include an increased risk of infections and neutropenia. 

In the very early phases of the acute inflammatory response most of the cells invading the damaged area are polymorphonuclear neutrophils, also denoted as PMNs, which serve as initial line of defense and source of proinflammatory cytokines. These cells, which usually live for 4-5 days, circulate in the blood until they are attracted by chemokines into injured tissues. Whereas physical injury does not recruit many neutrophils, infections with bacteria or fungi elicit a striking neutrophil response. The characteristic pus of a bacterial abscess is composed mainly of apoptotic (apoptosis) and necrotic PMNs. Emigration of neutrophils from the blood starts with a process denoted as margination where neutrophils come to lie at the periphery of flowing blood cells and adhere to endothelial cells (Fig. 1). L-Selectin is expressed... 

On the other hand, EFN-a may also be involved in the activation of autoreactive T-cells as has been proposed for type I diabetes. An DFN-a inducible superantigen, encoded by the truncated envelope gene of a human endogenous retrovirus and specifically activating V 37 T-cells, has been detected in pancreatic lesions from type I diabetes patients, infiltrated by V 37 T-cells. Since IFN-a expression could be detected in pancreatic (3 cells in conceit with persistent viral infections, there is a clear link between viral infections and autoimmunity via IFN-a-stimulated superantigen expression. 

Unphysiologically high levels of NO formed by iNOS expressed in tissues (e.g., liver, stomach, and lung) with chronic inflammation following infections of... 

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