Exploratory research

Synthesis. Exploratory research has produced a wide variety of odorants based on natural stmctures, chemicals analogous to naturals, and synthetic materials derived from available raw materials and economical processing. As in most areas of the chemical industry, the search for new and useful substances is made difficult by the many materials that have been patented and successfully commercialized (4). In the search for new aroma chemicals, many new materials are prepared for screening each year. Chemists who perform this work are involved in a creative exercise that takes its direction from the commercial sector in terms of desirable odor types and specific performance needs. Because of economic limitations, considerations of raw material costs and available processing methods may play a role eady in the exploratory work. 

Exploratory research on structure activity relationships in the meperidine series revealed the interesting fact that the oxygen atom and carbonyl group of this molecule could often be interchanged. That is, the so-called "reversed meperidine" (C) still exhibits analgesic activity in experimental animals. (Note that, except for the interchange, the rest of the molecule is unchanged.)... 

J. McBreen in Proc. Symp. on Exploratory Research and Development of Batteries for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles (Eds. W. A. Adams, A. R. Landgrebe, R. Scrosati), The Electrochemical Society, Pennington, NJ, 1996, 96-14, p. 162. 

This survey of the literature data on the interactions of organotin(IV) cations with biologically active ligands demonstrates that this is still a very open field. Above all, it is necessary to emphasize that usage of such complexes to treat humans is not permitted at present. Consequently, all compounds examined and discussed here (although with promising anticancer activity) are in the exploratory research stage. 

National Research Council, Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology. Future Directions in Advanced Exploratory Research Related to Oil, Gas, Shale, and Tar Sand Resources. Washington, D.C. National Academy Press, 1987. 

Functionally active preformed primary phosphines (e.g.,H2N(CH2)3PH2 3 or Br(CH2)3PH2 17) will provide important building blocks to functionaUze sim-ple/complex molecules with primary phosphine functionaUties. The user friendl/ nature of the air stable primary bisphosphines (e.g., 1,10,16,18-20) will open up new realms of exploratory research that utilize primary phosphines. It is also conceivable that the high oxidative stability and the ease with which primary phosphines can be incorporated on chiral backbones or peptides provide new opportunities for their appHcations in catalysis and biomedicine. 

Consequently, these studies of boranes have led us into many areas, both theoretical and practical. There is no evidence that it is any more difficult now than it was 35 years ago to uncover interesting new areas of study. Indeed, our experience indicates the reverse to be true. I can only advise those beginning a research career that it has been my experience that optimism is an essential ingredient of fruitful exploratory research. 

Arnold M. Guloy was born in Manila, in the Philippines. After graduation from Manila Science High School, he studied chemistry and received his BS degree at the University of the Philippines, Quezon City. He received his Ph.D. in Inorganic Chemistry from Iowa State University under the supervision of Professor John D. Corbett in 1992. After an IBM Postdoctoral fellowship at the IBM Research Center at York-town Heights, he joined the faculty at the University of Houston in 1994, where he is currently an Associate Professor. He has over 70 publications with emphasis on exploratory research in solid state... 

In conclusion we have presented our initial findings of exploratory research aimed at converting Glu to various products, including substituted pyrrolidinones. The chemistry highlights the dual role of acid in amino acid... 

Other, often made distinction in types of research, are between exploration, description, explanation, and testing, van der Zwaan (Zwaan van der, 1990). Exploration is conducted when theoretical knowledge in literature lacks information on which variables are important. Description types of research aim at the relevance of the variables. Explanation types of research aim at identifying the causal links between variables and phenomena. Finally, testing types of research aim at proving the hypotheses derived from the causal links. The research project discussed in this thesis is mainly explorative in nature. The emphasis is to design concepts and a protocol, which increases the understanding of the problem of how and why accidents continue to occur in companies in the chemical process industry. In this way a contribution to the solution of the problem will be made and consequently this research can be typified as applied positivistic exploratory research. 

E. T. Sobourin, The Synthesis of Polymer Precursors and Exploratory Research Based on Acetylene Displacement Reaction, AFWAL-TR-80-4151 (1980). 

The major directions that broad-scale exploratory research toward carbohydrate-based nonfood products will have to take, are—as far as conceivable today— outlined in the following for the four key sugars of biomass the royal carbohydrate sucrose, D-glucose, D-fructose, and D-xylose. 

Contribution No. 78 from the Exploratory Research Laboratory, Dow Chemical of Canada, Limited, Sarnia, Ontario. Present address Eastern Research Laboratory, The Dow Chemical Company, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702. 

Z.S. Wronski, G.J.C. Carpenter, RJ. Kalal, An integrated characterization approach for ranking nickel hydroxides designed for high-performance positive electrodes in batteries for electric vehicles. In W.A. Ladgrabe, B. Serosati, Editor, Exploratory Research Development of Batteries for Electric Hybrid Vehicles, (1996), The Electrochemical Society, Pennington, N.J. pp. 177-188. 

This work Is motivated by a lack of techniques for quantifying the mineral components In complex environmental solids. Programmatic Interest derives from research In the environmental chemistry of raw and retorted oil shales from the Plceance Basin In Colorado. For this reason, we chose to do exploratory research on a particular sample of raw shale. Previously XRD analysis had been performed on this sample. The XRD results are shown In Table I. XRD line Intensities for the minerals often are used to provide a rough seml-quantltatlve estimate of amount present. 

Despite the progress of exploratory research, the translation of pharmacogenomics from research to bedside has not been as rapid as we hoped. The major hurdle seems to be a lack of reproducibility and validation. The inconsistent results that currently exist in the literature are astonishing. These inconsistent results need to be confirmed by larger retrospective studies. Then, results from retrospective studies need to be verified in prospective studies. 

QUALITATIVE COMMENTS In the case of LSD, it seems presumptuous to attempt to select typical comments for quotation. Literally thousands of reports are in the literature, from early exploratory research, to clinical applications for treatment of autism, of alcoholism, or mental illness, to assisting in psychotherapy and in the dying process, to the adventures of the military in both intelligence and chemical warfare, to innumerable anecdotal tales of pleasure and pain. Dozens of books have been devoted to these topics. 

Uemura, D. (2010). Exploratory research on bioactive natural products with a focus on biological phenomena. Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. Phys. Biol. Sci. 86,190-201. 

This work is supported by the EPA grant R825959-010, TRI/Princeton exploratory research program, and Quantachrome Corporation. 

It was emphasized above that, during the course of his experimental work, Emil Fischer had to create new concepts on which to base further exploratory research. A few examples of this will now be cited. 

The cyclisation of ethylenediamine (ED) and propyleneglycol (PG) to 2-methy lpyrazine (MP) is a fundamental step for the catalytic synthesis of 2-amidopyrazine (AP), a well-known anti-tubercular drug. The formation of MP takes place in vapour-phase at ca. 650 K, atmospheric pressure and in excess of steam over a Zn-Cr-O(Pd) catalyst. The exploratory research and optimisation of the catalyst [1-6] led to a proper procedure for the activation of the latter and to the determinat ion of the optimal range of reaction conditions. The present work describes an extended study, aiming at throwing light on the intimate mechanism of the process. 

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