Optimal range

In manufacturing and processing polymer blends, it is thus important that the viscosity ratio be within the optimal range in the actual processing conditions. Not only the polymers to be blended but also the temperature and processing conditions (shear, elongation) should be carefully selected. Other factors, such as interfacial tension [46,47] and elasticity of the blended polymers, may also influence the blend morphology. 

The fluorescent compound F, a luciferin, emits blue light (Amax 476 nm Fig. 3.2.4) in the presence of molecular oxygen and the protein P, a luciferase. In the luminescence reaction, F is changed into an oxidized form (structure 8, Fig. 3.2.6). The luminescence reaction is highly sensitive to pH, with a narrow optimal range around pH 7.8 (Fig. 3.2.2) the optimum salt concentration is 0.15 M for NaCl... 

High cell density culture of R. eutropha has been studied extensively. To maintain glucose concentration within the optimal range, several feeding stra-... 

The temperature has a significant effect on the selectivity of the reaction, with the optimal temperature being dependent on the borane source. The optimal range of temperature was 25 °C when borane-dimethylsulfide was used and 0-5 °C when borane-tetrahydrofuran was used as the reducing agent (Table 11.5). 

Values of pH ranging from 6.5 to 8 are generally within the optimal range for normal biological activity in soils. Extreme pH values (<5 or >10) are unfavorable for remediation purposes. These ranges are typical, however, since indigenous microbes are adapted to their site-specific environment and some sites do maintain healthy microculture in the extreme ranges. 

Another use of the laboratory is for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of psychotropics with defined optimal ranges, narrow therapeutic indices, or both. Although TDM is not essential for many psychotropics, it is for others, including lithium, several TCAs, valproate, and carbamazepine. It may also be helpful to optimize the use of certain antipsychotics (e.g., haloperidol, clozapine) ( 7). 

The results for this tertiary amine tricyclic are less convincing in terms of efficacy but quite robust with regard to toxicity. The optimal range for this medication in terms of antidepressant efficacy is approximately 80 to 150 ng/mL (amitriptyline plus nortriptyline). Studies generally found a nonsignificant trend with a remission rate of 48% within versus 29% outside this range. 

Plasma levels are in the usual optimal range, but there is insufficient clinical response try another agent, an augmentation strategy, or ECT (see also Alternative Treatment Strategies later in this chapter). 

Substitution at L region t if CH3 j if bulky group Prevent detoxification Increase molecular size beyond the optimal range... 

Disadvantages Somewhat less convenient than using a food dehydrator. It may be hard to keep oven temperature at an optimal range. 

The cyclisation of ethylenediamine (ED) and propyleneglycol (PG) to 2-methy lpyrazine (MP) is a fundamental step for the catalytic synthesis of 2-amidopyrazine (AP), a well-known anti-tubercular drug. The formation of MP takes place in vapour-phase at ca. 650 K, atmospheric pressure and in excess of steam over a Zn-Cr-O(Pd) catalyst. The exploratory research and optimisation of the catalyst [1-6] led to a proper procedure for the activation of the latter and to the determinat ion of the optimal range of reaction conditions. The present work describes an extended study, aiming at throwing light on the intimate mechanism of the process. 

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