Expediting

Project controls the feedback loops of measurement and remedial action to control performance according to plan - are customarily split into cost, time, and quality functions. The time control system related to procurement is customarily referred to as expediting , although the term could be and sometimes is applied to any project activity (or the perceived lack thereof), including engineering. 

Inevitably, any activities directed towards the expediting of vendor activities have an interface with other project activities which are related by physical sequence or information flow - expediting is a two-way activity. For instance, as regards the procurement of equipment, it is also necessary to expedite  

It is just as important to expedite the flow of information from the project team to the vendor as it is to expedite the vendor s own activities. 

For the most part, observations made in the preceding section about the planning of inspection, may be considered interchangeable with those on expediting, provided that quality is substituted by time. Both functions require a plan as a basis of control, and a plan of execution based on the criteria of criticality and limiting returns. And both 

A standard purchase-order expediting report needs to reflect the status of  

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The NDT Newsgroup and other forums are playing an important role in expediting meeting and communieation among your NDT colleagues on the Internet - Email is the most important tool for that. Not only technical discussions but also business to business or even direct inquiries are today handled via the Internet. Statistics are presented with more information on specific usage. 

A related advantage of studying crystalline matter is that one can have synnnetry-related operations that greatly expedite the discussion of a chemical bond. For example, in an elemental crystal of diamond, all the chemical bonds are equivalent. There are no tenninating bonds and the characterization of one bond is sufficient to understand die entire system. If one were to know the binding energy or polarizability associated with one bond, then properties of the diamond crystal associated with all the bonds could be extracted. In contrast, molecular systems often contain different bonds and always have atoms at the boundary between the molecule and the vacuum. 

An analytical model of the process has been developed to expedite process improvements and to aid in scaling the reactor to larger capacities. The theoretical results compare favorably with the experimental data, thereby lending vahdity to the appHcation of the model to predicting directions for process improvement. The model can predict temperature and compositional changes within the reactor as functions of time, power, coal feed, gas flows, and reaction kinetics. It therefore can be used to project optimum residence time, reactor si2e, power level, gas and soHd flow rates, and the nature, composition, and position of the reactor quench stream. 

Most ionic nitrations are performed at 0—120°C. For nitrations of most aromatics, there are two Hquid phases an organic and an acid phase. Sufficient pressure, usually slightly above atmospheric, is provided to maintain the Hquid phases. A large interfacial area between the two phases is needed to expedite transfer of the reactants to the interface and of the products from the interface. The site of the main reactions is often at or close to the interface (2). To provide large interfacial areas, a mechanical agitator is frequently used. 

Both vapor-phase and Hquid-phase processes are employed to nitrate paraffins, using either HNO or NO2. The nitrations occur by means of free-radical steps, and sufftciendy high temperatures are required to produce free radicals to initiate the reaction steps. For Hquid-phase nitrations, temperatures of about 150—200°C are usually required, whereas gas-phase nitrations fall in the 200—440°C range. Sufficient pressures are needed for the Hquid-phase processes to maintain the reactants and products as Hquids. Residence times of several minutes are commonly required to obtain acceptable conversions. Gas-phase nitrations occur at atmospheric pressure, but pressures of 0.8—1.2 MPa (8—12 atm) are frequentiy employed in industrial units. The higher pressures expedite the condensation and recovery of the nitroparaffin products when cooling water is employed to cool the product gas stream leaving the reactor (see Nitroparaffins). 

Patent Reissue and Reexamination. Reissue proceedings and reexaminations proceedings require the resubmission of the issued patent to the U.S. PTO and should be expedited by the U.S. PTO. However, each requires the additional expenditure of substantial funds and a loss of time in the active life of the patent. 

A request for reexamination may be made by the patentee, a third party, or the Commissioner of the Patent and Trademark Office whenever a new question of patentabiUty arises. This new question of patentabiUty has to be raised in the form of a pubHcation such as a journal article or a patent which was not considered during the prior prosecution. Reexarnination is a more expedited and economical means of receiving a judgment on whether or not a patent is vaUd in advance of Htigation. 

The other cause of constmction problems is the introduction of badly chosen, or even unauthorized, changes during constmction in order to expedite the work. Any changes in details, material specifications, or erection procedure must be given careful consideration by both the builder and silo designer. 

Yeast may be suspended into a slurry and stored under refrigeration for short-time intervals to expedite its transport and metering into mixers. Water is metered into mixers rather than weighed. Minor ingredients may be weighed directly from their containers or they may be suspended in water slurries which are subsequently metered into mixers (1,3—5). 

The converted mash is pumped to a clean sterilised fermentor and the yeast inoculum is added. The set temperature range for whiskey fermentation of 72 hours is usually 17—21°C. At the beginning, the mash converted composition is approximately 80% sugars, mainly maltose and some (<1%) dextrose (primary conversion). The pH is adjusted to reduce initial bacterial growth. Grain neutral spidts are usually set at 27—29°C to expedite fermentation. Temperatures above 35°C inhibit yeast reproduction and promote rapid bacterial growth. Above 40°C actual yeast kill occurs. 

Any program developed in-house must be easy to use, or user-friendly. If the program has various options for input, analysis, computation, and output, then it must provide the user with a fast way to select them. To meet this need, the system is likely to be menu-driven. The peripheral interactive devices such as mice, joysticks, light pens, graphic tablets, and templates are helpful and often used to expedite the selection process. 

In order to expedite the launch of a new chemical and allow further time to complete the toxicological package for full registration, a "limited announcement" is normally used. This requkes only parts of the full toxicological packages, usually acute toxicity and Ames test. Consequentiy, it is less expensive ( 20,000) and quicker (90 days) than full registration. However, only 1 t or less of the chemical per year is allowed to be sold in the EEC. 

List carefully from checked flow sheets) Procurement, expediting, and inspection... 

Piping—carbon steel, alloy, cast iron, lead-lined, aluminum, copper. Purchasing, expediting, and traffic... 

Attached is our businesses Technolog Package Request. This information will be helpful m allowing us to meet your needs and expectations by selecting an appropriate toller. Our department developed this list to identify issues to consider m the tolled manufacturing of your product. Any information that you are able to provide will help us considerably and expedite our evaluation process. We look forward to working with you on this opportunity. 

Skis, both for people and for aircraft, used to be made of waxed wood. Down to about -10° C, the friction of waxed wood on snow is very low - [jl is about 0.02 - and if this were not so, planes equipped with skis could not take off from packed-snow runways, and the winter tourist traffic to Switzerland would drop sharply. Below -10° C, bad things start to happen (Fig. 26.6) (jl rises sharply to about 0.4. Polar explorers have observed this repeatedly. Wright, a member of the 1911-13 Scott expedition, writes Below 0°F (-18°C) the friction (on the sledge runners) seemed to increase progressively as the temperature fell it caused the expedition considerable hardship. What determines the friction of skis on snow ... 

This reaction is significantly exothermic. Stronger cooling as from an acetone-dry ice bath can he employed if desired to expedite the addition of diol. In any event, a temperature in excess of 20 leads to unwanted rapid hydrolysis and formation of water-soluble byproducts. 

In addition to being useful for side studies, the process specification sheets can be used as a file to capture the latest thinking for each individual unit of major material for cost estimation and final design. Vendor quotes are expedited if data is provided to them on standard-type process specification sheets. 

Sulfide Stress Cracking) on steels over Rockwell C 22. (4) static stresses. other equipment handling sour gas, oil and/or water wherein H2S and H2O (liquid phase) are present up to about 150 F, where sulfide stress cracking slows down perceptibly. stainless steels with Rockwell hardness over C 22. (4) into crystal structure, exact mechanism uncertain. Sulfur expedites absorption of atomic H into grain structure. (4) if feasible use inhibitors and/or resistant coatings where feasible time or heating up will permit H to diffuse out but will not relieve any areas when H2 has concentrated. 

Prior to the eastern adventures of Linschoeten and Tradescant, the sailors of Columbus had discovered the natives of Central America playing with lumps of natural mbber. These were obtained, like gutta percha, by coagulation from a latex the first recorded reference to natural mbber was in Valdes La historia natural y general de las Indies, published in Seville (1535-1557). In 1731 la Condamine, leading an expedition on behalf of the French government to study the shape of the earth, sent back from the Amazon basin mbber-coated cloth prepared by native tribes and used in the manufacture of waterproof shoes and flexible bottles. 

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