European Union Framework directive

The European Union (EU) environmental policy has put water protection and its sustainable management high on its agenda, reflected by the European Water Framework Directive (WFD), which is now in its implementation phase. 

EC (2000) European parliament and the council of the European union. Directive 2000/60/EC establishing a framework for the community action in the filed of water policy. Official Journal of the European Communities L32, 1-72... 

ECHA points out that some materials currently considered as waste might in future be considered to have ceased to be waste [15]. These materials will then be out of the scope of waste legislation, and - if not covered by an exemption - will potentially fall under REACH. Clarification of end-of-waste criteria is a matter for waste legislation. In accordance with the general principle of subsidiarity of the European Union law, and following the revised Waste Framework Directive, Member States may decide case by case whether certain waste has ceased to be waste, where end-of-waste criteria have not been set at Community level. Member States have already worked for use of this regulation, like, e.g., the Waste Quality Protocol in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland [16]. 

The European Union (EU) and its Member States promote responsible research in order to help society draw the maximum benefit from scientific inquiry and in order to protect the rights of citizens, researchers, and other members of society (EU 2007). All EU-funded research activities must comply with an ethical code according to Article 3 of the Sixth Framework Programme (FP6, 2002-2006) that states All the research activities carried out under FP6 must be carried out in compliance with fundamental ethical principles. No further guidance specifically directed toward the use of human data in the risk assessment of chemical substances is provided. 

After 10 years of debate, the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union issued on February 22, 1999, a framework Directive 1999l2jEC on approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning foods and food ingredients treated with... 

In the European Union (EU), the legal foundations governing materials and articles intended to come into contact with food are contained in the Framework Directive 89/109/EEC, which states in Article 2 ... 

Allan, I.J., B. Vrana, R. Greenwood, G.A. Mills, B. Roig, and C.A. Gonzalez. 2006. Toolbox for biological and chemical monitoring requirements for the European Union s Water Framework Directive. Talanta 69 302-322. 

European Union (2000) Parliament and Council Directive 2000/60/EC of the 23rd October 2000, Establishing a framework for community action in the field of water policy. Official Journal PE-CONS 3639/1/00 REV 1, Brussels. 

International harmonization of soil quality standards (SQSs) has been discussed in the CARACAS (Concerted Action on Risk Assessment for Contaminated Sites in the European Union, 1995 to 1998) and CLARINET (Contaminated Land Rehabilitation Network for Environmental Technologies, 1998 to 2001) concerted actions (Vegter et al. 2003), and a form of the Soil Framework Directive is still under review by member states in the European Union, so the present guidance is both timely and relevant. 

The regulatory framework governing biological medicinal products is based on the European Community Treaty, which aims at the free movement of goods within the European Union. Although the legal base is built on the principle of free trade of medicinal products within the European Union, the essential aim of any rules governing the production, distribution, and use of medicinal products must be firmly based on protection of public health. Recital 3 of Directive 2001/83/EC notes that the objective of public health protection must be attained by means that do not hinder the development of the pharmaceutical industry or trade in medicinal products within the European Union. 

Walters D. (2002) The framework directive. In Walters, D., and Lang, P. (eds) Regulating Health and Safety Management in the European Union. A study of the dynamics of change. College of Europe Publications, Brussels. 

Work in the author s laboratory has been supported in part by a grant from the European Union Sixth Framework Program FOOD-CT-2004-514055 (Detectox) and by a grant from the Direction des Sys-temes de forces et de la Prospective. E. Girard was supported by a fellowship from Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (TCSN-CNRS). The authors would like to thank Catherine Guil-lou (ICSN-CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette) for helpful discussions, and Benoit Fleury (Institut de Chimie Moleculaire et des Materiaux d Orsay, University of Paris-South, Orsay) for drawing the chemical stractnres of the present chapter. 

Finally, major FIPV chemical-related activities in Europe to utilize, or to monitor and learn from, include the development of the European Information System on Risks from chemicals released from consumer products/articles (EIS-ChemRisks). EIS-ChemRisks has been designed to be a European-wide expert and stakeholders network of networks to systematically exchange and assess information on risks from chemicals released from consumer products/articles. The overall objective is to develop tools and reference data to enable harmonized exposure assessment procedures in the European Union. These tools and reference data will support the development of a structured stakeholder dialog in the framework of the General Product Safety Directive (GPSD, 2001/ 95/EC) and progressively in the framework of the European Commission s REACH program as it is established and implemented. 

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