Waste Framework Directive

But when does a material or a waste cease to be waste The End-of-waste status is specified in Article 6 of the revised Waste Framework Directive 2008/ 98/EC ... 

ECHA points out that some materials currently considered as waste might in future be considered to have ceased to be waste [15]. These materials will then be out of the scope of waste legislation, and - if not covered by an exemption - will potentially fall under REACH. Clarification of end-of-waste criteria is a matter for waste legislation. In accordance with the general principle of subsidiarity of the European Union law, and following the revised Waste Framework Directive, Member States may decide case by case whether certain waste has ceased to be waste, where end-of-waste criteria have not been set at Community level. Member States have already worked for use of this regulation, like, e.g., the Waste Quality Protocol in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland [16]. 

This traditional system is still the disposal method most widely used in the EU. In landfills, biodegradable waste decomposes to produce landfill gas and leachate. The landfill gas consists mainly of methane and, if not captured, contributes considerably to the greenhouse effect. For this reason, the move away from landfill is an important part of the European Waste Framework Directive. 

In December 2005, the EU proposed new legislation to modernise the 1975 Waste Framework Directive, which should give a further boost to the development of biodegradable polymers. The main elements of the proposals are ... 

EEC Waste Framework Directive (Council Directive 75/442/EEC of 15 July 1975 on waste) [14]... 

At the same time, more realistic targets were set for the recovery and recycling of polymer based packaging wastes in the European Union. The Waste Framework Directive put forward by the EU in March 1991 defines recovery as... 

European Union Waste Framework Directive, 75/442/EEC and Amendment 91/155/EEC. 

Dealing with waste is one of the important hot-button societal issues of any country, where waste prevention including the capability of reusability has highest priority in the waste hierarchy defined by the waste framework directive (European Union, 2008). Reuse option stands as the second highest priority, next to waste prevention in the order of hierarchy. When we talk about reuse, at times the material under question might need preparation for being reused, which is also included in the reuse option that is discussed here. 

The new Waste Framework Directive has set a 50% recycling target for household waste. The directive does not stipulate what waste should apply to the municipal waste stream as a whole or individual material fractions within this stream [20]. 

Such trends are also seen in Europe, but with a longer timely horizon. For example landfilling of organics shall be reduced stepwise rmtil 2020 following the Waste Framework Directive . It includes recycling and recovery targets to be achieved by 2020. 

It is the responsibility of the waste producer to decide whether the substance or object in his possession is waste. This decision is not always straightforward and final interpretation may be a matter for the comts. ITowever, in a case where the holder is in doubt about the status of a substance or object as waste the regulatory authority should be consulted. In order for material to be classified as a certain type of waste, such as a controlled waste, a substance or object should meet the definition of directive waste as set out in the Waste Framework Directive and its amendment and reflected in section 22 of the Environment Act 1995 and Ihe Waste Management Licensing Regulations 1994 ". This definition is based on whether the producer or person in possession of the material in question has discarded it, intends to or is required to discard it. ITowever a number of questions can be posed in order to decide whether or not something is a waste ... 

The Waste Framework Directive (WED) is the reference directive for waste management in the EU. 

In modern urban waste management, the emphasis has changed since the recognition of man s contribution to global warming from the prevention of litter in the environment to the recovery of value or the recovery of energy from wastes by recycling. The European Waste Framework Directive (March 1991) defines recovery as follows [1]. 

The reason why the Quality Protocol has been published is related the EU Waste Framework Directive (2006/12/EC) and the importance of defining at what point rubber waste has been fully recovered and ceases to be waste as it is defined in Article l(l)a of this Directive. Hence, this is also the point at which the Directive no longer applies and so it can be used without the need for waste management controls. It was perceived that problems in defining this point had inhibited the development and marketing of materials produced from waste rubber. 

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