Sulfosuccinic acid

Alkenylsuccinic anhydrides made from several linear alpha olefins are used in paper sizing, detergents, and other uses. Sulfosuccinic acid esters serve as surface active agents. Alkyd resins (qv) are used as surface coatings. Chlorendric anhydride [115-27-5] is used as a flame resistant component (see Flame retardants). Tetrahydrophthalic acid [88-98-2] and hexahydrophthalic anhydride [85-42-7] have specialty resin appHcations. Gas barrier films made by grafting maleic anhydride to polypropylene [25085-53-4] film are used in food packaging (qv). Poly(maleic anhydride) [24937-72-2] is used as a scale preventer and corrosion inhibitor (see Corrosion and corrosion control). Maleic anhydride forms copolymers with ethylene glycol methyl vinyl ethers which are partially esterified for biomedical and pharmaceutical uses (189) (see Pharmaceuticals). 

For the manufacturing of sulfosuccinic acid esters, which belong to a special class of surfactants, maleic acid anhydride is needed. Maleic acid anhydride is an important intermediate chemical of the chemical industry. Its worldwide output amounts to about 800,000 tons (1990) [64]. Maleic acid is produced by catalytic vapor phase oxidation process of benzene or n-C4 hydrocarbons in fixed bed or fluidized bed reactors according the following reaction equations. The heat of reaction of the exothermic oxidation processes is very high. 

Sulfosuccinic acid monoalkyltrioxyethylene ester disodium salt 2-3 2-5... 

LDL compositions containing AOS, a sulfosuccinic acid ester, a zwitterionic and a nonionic surfactant have been described by Noguera et al. [76]. Such compositions have good cleaning and foaming power and are useful too for shampoo and laundry-cleaning purposes. 

These anionic surfactants are based on the petrochemically gained maleic acid anhydride. Sulfosuccinates are surface-active metal (mostly sodium) salts of either monoester or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid. 

Neither the reaction to the intermediate maleic acid monoester nor the subsequent sulfation to the sulfosuccinic acid monoester sodium salt is fully complete (Scheme 2). Around 80% of the solid material is estimated to be true sulfosuccinate. Whether the unreacted material or possible side products are beneficial to the finished product has not yet been evaluated. Due to the necessity of dissolving the sodium sulfite (or bisulfite) in water, the product obtained is not normally more highly concentrated than 40% active matter. The consistency of the material varies from clear, low viscous liquids to pastes. Some substance can be spray-dried to obtain concentrated powders. 

Sulfosuccinic acid diester disodium salt (Monoester sulfosuccinate)... 

Finally brief reference should be made to the stabilization of synthetic latices, particularly high solids latices of the GR-S type and the improvement of the cold GR-S polymerization by a synthetic emulsifying agent known as EMCOL K-8300, which is a sulfosuccinic acid ester (sodium salt) of the isopropanolamide of oleic acid ... 

A) AEROSOL A-102 M. HT 1800 DISODIUM ETHOXYLATED ALCOHOL (C10 - C ) HALF ESTER OF SULFOSUCCINIC ACID... 

Notes Aerosol OT is the dioctyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinic acid. 

Synthesis. A series of latexes was prepared by semicontinuous emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate. A dialkyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinic acid surfactant yielded the narrow particle size distribution required. An ammonium persulfate/sodium metabisulfate/ferrous sulfate initiator system was used. The initiator was fed over the polymerization time, allowing better control of the polymerization rate. For the smaller size latexes (200 to 450 nm), a seed latex was prepared in situ by polymerizing 10% of the monomer in the presence of the ammonium persulfate. Particle size was adjusted by varying the level of surfactant during the heel reaction. As the exotherm of this reaction subsided, the monomer and the sodium metabisulfate/ferrous sulfate feeds were started and continued over approximately one hour. The... 

DEFILIN DIOCTLYN DIOCTYLAL DIOCTYL ESTER of SODIUM SULFOSUCCINATE DIOCTYL ESTER of SODIUM SULFOSUCCINIC ACID DIOCTYL-MEDO FORTE DIOCTYL SODIUM SULFOSUCCINATE (FCC) DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE SODIUM SALT... 

BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) ADIPATE see AEOOOO BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL)-1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLATE see DVL700 BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) ESTER PHOSPHOROUS ACID CADMIUM SALT see CAD500 BIS(ETHYLHEXYL) ESTER of SODIUM SULFOSUCCINIC ACID see DJLOOO BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) FUMAIUATE see DVK600 BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL)HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE see BJR750... 

DIOCTYL ESTER of SODIUM SULFOSUCCINIC ACID see DJLOOO... 

Aside from sulf(on)ates, carboxylates (soaps) and phosphates can also be used in the surfactant. An emulsion based on alkyl phosphate emulsifier is reported to give an especially soft leather (8). Phosphates are reviewed by Fricke and Haeussler (9). There is also experience with sulfosuccinic acid amides (10) and other surfactant formers. 

Another constituent of many detergents and cleansing agents are sulfosuccinic acid ester. 

While sulfosuccinic acid ester with chain lengths between Ci0 and Ci4 can be analyzed under isocratic conditions with the procedure described by Steinbrech et al., the separation of fatty alcohol polyglycolether sulfosuccinates requires the application of a gradient technique. 

Figure 6 shows that adipic acid is 20 to 50% more effective than acetic acid. Figure 7 shows that acrylic and sulfosuccinic acids are about equivalent. However, hydroxypropionic,... 

Organic buffer additives such as acetic, adipic, acrylic, and sulfosuccinic acid enhance the rate of calcite dissolution by providing for mass transfer of acidity to the limestone surface. 

Sulfopropionic and sulfosuccinic acids were synthesized by addition of bisulfite to unsaturated acids. At pH 5, 55°C, and 0.5 N ionic strength, the second-order rate constants and activation energies for sulfonation of acrylic, fumaric, and maleic acids were, respectively ... 

Enhancement of SO2 absorption by buffers was measured at 55°C in 0.3 M NaCl and 0.1 M CaCl2 for acetic, adipic, hydroxypropionic, sulfopropionic, and sulfosuccinic acids and for basic aluminum sulfate. These results were correlated by mass transfer with equilibrium reactions. Sulfopropionic acid and basic aluminum sulfate were less effective than expected. Relative economics were developed for these and seven additional buffers. 

Sulfo and hydroxy carboxylic acids are attractive as buffer additives because the additional hydrophilic groups make both the buffer and its degradation products nonvolatile in aqueous solution. Keller (21) patented the use of sulfosuccinic acid in a flue gas desulfurization process using H2S regeneration. 

Sulfopropionic and sulfosuccinic acids were prepared for subsequent laboratory use by mixing 1 gmol Na2S03 and 1 gmol acrylic or maleic acid in 1 liter of water at 55°C for 10 to 15 hours. Utilization of the sulfite was 95 to 98% as determined by iodine titration. 

Complete carbon material balances were not obtained on any of the degraded solutions. Valeric and glutaric acids were identified as degradation products of adipic acid, but account for less than 20% of the adipic acid loss. Sulfopropionic acid was identified as a degradation product of sulfosuccinic acid, but accounts for less than 10% of the total degradation. 

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