EPIC

Fig.6 Example of trend vs time parameter representation the view is Epical of a paper recorder, with time in Y coordinate decreasing from the top to the bottom. The eight top buttons represent the different choice of plant parameters...

Early Industrial Enzymes. Enzymes were used in ancient Greece for the production of cheese (9). Early references to this are found in Greek epic poems dating from about 800 BC. Fermentation processes for brewing, baking, and the production of alcohol have been known since prehistoric times. 

Johnson, G.R., Recent Developments and Analyses Associated with the EPIC-2 and EPIC-3 Codes, in 1981 Advances in Aerospace Structures and Materials— AD-01 (edited by Wang, S.S. and Renton, W.J.), the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, 1981, pp. 141-147. 

Yergin, n. (1991). The Prize the Epic Quest For Oil, Money and Power. New York Simon Schuster. 

The financial support from Edison Polymer Invention Corporation (EPIC) and its industrial members is gratefully acknowledged. 

In the epic poem, Rime of the Ancient Mariner, a becalmed sailor laments Water, water, everywhere, nor any drop to drink. With regard to the element nitrogen, we might say N2,N2, everywhere, nor any N to eat. Even though the atmosphere of our planet is 80% molecular nitrogen, plants are unable to break the extremely strong NON triple bond. Instead, plants must rely on other sources for the nitrogen atoms that are essential for the synthesis of biomolecules such as amino acids and DNA. 

Health benefits of carotenoids are related to their bioavailability and thus then-absorption. Plasma concentration is considered a good biomarker of fruit and vegetable consumption. Table 3.1.1 shows plasma carotenoid levels in EPIC study subjects from 16 European locations. EPIC was the first large cross-sectional study analyzing plasma carotenoid levels in several European populations. ... 

Mean Plasma Carotenoid Levels (timol/l) in EPIC Study Subjects from... 

Al-Delaimy, W.K. et al., Plasma levels of six carotenoids in nine European countries report from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), Public Health Nutr., 1, 713, 2004. 

Maybe. ",..[A]n epic poem on plant humours, an abstruse alchemical treatise, an experiential narrative jigsaw puzzle, a hip and learned wild-natured reference text, a... 

Welles, Elizabeth B. "Magic in the Renaissance epic Pulci, Boiardo, Ariosto, Tasso." PhD thesis, Yale Univ, 1970. 

EMSL, Environmental Monitoring Support Laboratory EPIC, Environmental Photographic Information Center DOA, Department of Agriculture DOI, Department of Interior FIT, Field Investigation Team TAT, Technical Assistance Team. 

Development of the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model and its predecessor, the Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator, began in the early 1980s.69 70 The first version of EPIC was intended to evaluate the effects of wind and water erosion on plant growth and food production. More recent versions also evaluate factors important to other environmental issues. EPIC is a onedimensional model however, it can estimate lateral flow in soil layers at depth. All versions of EPIC estimate surface runoff, PET, AET, soil-water storage, and PRK below the root zone—these complete the hydrologic water balance for an ET landfill cover. 

More than 200 engineers and scientists participated in the development of EPIC and more than 50 publications describe testing and use of the model.70 EPIC is in use by the Natural Resource and Conservation Service the Agricultural Research Service of the USDA Iowa State Texas A M Washington State in Australia Syria Jordan Canada Germany Taiwan and other countries and universities around the world. 

EPIC is designed to simulate relevant biophysical processes simultaneously and realistically, using readily available input data and accepted methods. It is capable of simulating plant and soil response for hundreds of years, and it is applicable to a wide range of soils, climates, and plants. EPIC also simulates soil erosion and soil chemical and physical property changes over centuries. The time limit for simulation of hydrologic parameters is restricted only by the availability of high-quality climate input data. 

The EPIC model is a comprehensive model that has been extensively tested for water balance estimates in dry and wet climates, including sites with significant accumulation of snow in winter.14... 

An important issue is the reliability of the model over the entire United States. EPIC was tested for accuracy in estimating ET and Q by many investigators on data gathered from the United States and other countries. Numerous tests of the model are described by Sharpley and Williams70 and by others. Model tests by others are summarized below in each of these evaluations, EPIC produced accurate estimates of ET and Q. 

In addition to a complete water balance, EPIC estimates plant biomass production, fertilizer use, wind and water erosion, loss of nitrogen and phosphorus from the soil, and the effect of nutrient loss from the soil on plant growth. 

Table 25.3 compares the characteristics of these four models.14 UNSAT-H and HYDRUS are the most widely known Richards equation models that use modem soil physics principles to estimate water movement within the soil profile. HELP and EPIC are widely known engineering models. 

Both HELP and EPIC are complete engineering design models and the user can obtain the data required to run either of them. The funds available were insufficient for evaluating more than two models on two data sets. Because our goal was to evaluate models that will be useful in ET landfill cover design and evaluation, we evaluated HELP and EPIC. 

Mitchell, G., Griggs, R.H., Benson, V., and Williams, J., The EPIC Model, Environmental Policy Integrated Climate formerly Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator, Manual, Texas Agricultural Experimental Station and U.S. Department of Agricultural, Agricultural Research Service, Temple, TX, 1998. 

Sharpley, A.N. and Williams, J.R., Eds, EPIC-Erosion/Productivity Impact Calculator 1. Model Documentation, Technical Bulletin 1768, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, 1990. 

Chung, S., Gassman, P.W., Huggins, D.R., and Randall, G.W., EPIC tile flow and nitrate loss predictions for three Minnesota cropping systems, Journal of Environmental Quality, 30, 822-830, 2001. 

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