Processing simultaneous

Steam-Moderated Process. The basic idea behind this approach is to limit the extent of conversion of the methanation reaction, Reaction 1, by adding steam to the feed gases. This process simultaneously provides for (46) elimination of the CO shift, Reaction 2, to get a 3 1 H2 CO ratio from the make-up gas ratio of about 1.5 1 and avoidance of carbon laydown by operation under conditions in which carbon is not a thermodynamically stable phase (see Chemistry and Thermodynamics section above). 

In all the desulphonylation reactions discussed in Sections III.B and III.C the sulphur is lost from the starting sulphone and is reduced in the process simultaneously, the former carbon-sulphur bond is either reduced to a C—H bond or is converted into a C=C bond. The reactions described in this section have the common thread that the sulphur atom is lost with reduction at sulphur, but the carbon atom is converted directly into a carbonyl group. Formally, these reactions offer a route from alkyl halides to aldehydes or ketones. 

Soil genesis is the result of four fundamental types of processes simultaneously operating at any part of the Earth s surface. As a soil develops, matter and energy enter the soil, can be transformed or translocated, and can leave the soil. The nature and magnitude of inputs, outputs, transformations, and translocations can vary widely from one site to another and result in numerous different types of soils. 

MPE In situ to extract VOCs and treatment using aboveground processes Simultaneous extraction of VOCs... 

EPIC is designed to simulate relevant biophysical processes simultaneously and realistically, using readily available input data and accepted methods. It is capable of simulating plant and soil response for hundreds of years, and it is applicable to a wide range of soils, climates, and plants. EPIC also simulates soil erosion and soil chemical and physical property changes over centuries. The time limit for simulation of hydrologic parameters is restricted only by the availability of high-quality climate input data. 

A Mitsunobu process simultaneously coupled the enyne acid fragment 4 to /J-lactam 10 and inverted the CIO stereochemistry to the required (S)-configured ester 11 in 93% yield. A deprotection provided alcohol 12, the key /J-lactam-based macrolactonization substrate, which, under conditions similar to those reported by Palomo for intermolecular alcoholysis of /J-lactams (Ojima et al, 1992, 1993 Palomo et al, 1995), provided the desired core macrocycle 13 of PatA 13 (Hesse, 1991 Manhas et al, 1988 Wasserman, 1987). Subsequent Lindlar hydrogenation gave the required E, Z-dienoate. A Stille reaction and final deprotection cleanly provided (-)-PatA that was identical in all respects to the natural product (Romo etal, 1998 Rzasaef al, 1998). This first total synthesis confirmed the relative and absolute configuration of the natural product and paved the way for synthesis of derivatives for probing the mode of action of this natural product. 

In some cases, a nuclide may undergo decay by more than one process at the same time. For example, 64Cu undergoes decay by three processes simultaneously ... 

Aeropak process—simultaneous blow-molding and inner-surface fluorination of polymeric containers—is the most well-known example of an in-situ treatment process. 

Unlike column chromatography approaches that can only process single samples sequentially, one TLC plate can accommodate and analyze multiple samples and standards. Numerous samples are processed simultaneously in a unique solvent tank, separating out the stabilizer or explosive analyte(s) away from the sample matrix. Semi-quantitative assessments with nanogram detection limits are readily obtained by inspection of the plates. This process allows numerous samples to be analyzed by a single operator per day. 

Recommendation (Blue Grass) EH-1. Tetrytol should not be processed simultaneously with any lead-containing energetic material until such time as it can be confirmed that lead picrate will not precipitate from the hydrolysate. The solubility of lead picrate in the reaction medium should be determined as a function of temperature, and the lead in the reaction should be accounted for in a mass balance. 

Because weathering and other abiotic processes simultaneously occur and contribute to changes in the concentrations of PAHs in the field, laboratory microbial degradation and the determination of a target transformation metabolite appear to be useful to evaluate the possibility of microbial transformation in any contaminated environment. Such case studies follow ... 

Successfully examples of applications have been reported for the analysis of pesticides in food using PLE during the extraction step [138-147]. Research had been conducted to optimize the effects of extraction temperature, number of extraction cycles, and various extraction solvent mixture compositions on the extraction effectiveness and recoveries of pesticides fi om food. Besides, cleanup sorbent material(s) can also be imbedded in the extraction cells so that cleanup can also be processed simultaneously with extraction. Although it has the advantages of low solvent consumption and short extraction period, the initial cost is high, large amount of unwanted matrix substances are co-extracted and some unstable compounds, such as endrin yielded low recoveries. 

Organic, inorganic, and radioactive wastes are processed simultaneously with significant volume reduction in treated waste. 

Control The highly selective fit of constituent parts ensures control of the assembly process. Simultaneously, making use of numerous weak interactions in the association of subunits not only allows for the control of the process and but also enables a response to the changes in environment. 

However, the equilibrium-shift process (simultaneous addition of LDA and TMSC1) to the 3-A/,A/-dimethyl urea 239 afforded the 2-TMS derivative 240 in high yield (Scheme 72) [88JOM(354)273]. This was the first use of this DMG group. 

There is sufficient and convincing experimental evidence available already to support the need to consider activation and diffusion processes simultaneously. For instance, in Chap. 2, Sects. 5.2 and 5.4, mention was made of other instances where the reaction rate had been measured and found to be slower than anticipated from the Smoluchowski rate coefficient [eqn. (19)]. Using the Collins and Kimball expression enabled the workers to obtain reasonable estimates of the rate coefficients of encounter pair reactions. There is still some degree of uncertainty that the slower than expected reaction rate might not be attributable to partial... 

There are four types of fundamental subjects involved in the process represented by Eq. (1.1) (1) metal-solution interface as the locus of the deposition process, (2) kinetics and mechanism of the deposition process, (3) nucleation and growth processes of the metal lattice (M a[tice), and (4) structure and properties of the deposits. The material in this book is arranged according to these four fundamental issues. We start by considering the basic components of an electrochemical cell for deposition in the first three chapters. Chapter 2 treats water and ionic solutions Chapter 3, metal and metal surfaces and Chapter 4, the metal-solution interface. In Chapter 5 we discuss the potential difference across an interface. Chapter 6 contains presentation of the kinetics and mechanisms of electrodeposition. Nucleation and growth of thin films and formation of the bulk phase are treated in Chapter 7. Electroless deposition and deposition by displacement are the subject of Chapters 8 and 9, respectively. Chapter 10 contains discussion on the effects of additives in the deposition and nucleation and growth processes. Simultaneous deposition of two or more metals, alloy deposition, is discussed in Chapter 11. The manner in which... 

You will find it is possible to scan a large number of possible solutions, ideas, data from the memory, etc., much more rapidly than usual. The "right" solution will often appear along with a sort of intuitive "knowing" that it is the answer sought. You will also find that you can hold in conscious awareness a number of ideas or pieces of data processes simultaneously, to an uncommon extent. 

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