Ancient Greece

Tile. A versatile product, tile is traced back to ancient Greece, China, and Japan. Tile (35) has high fire resistance and is offered in a variety of textures and styles. Both clay and concrete tiles are relatively heavy and require a more robust stmcture than those used for asphalt shingles. 

Saffron is found in the pistils of the plant Crocus sativus. Saffron is often confused with safflower, sometimes known as bastard saffron. The name of the plant. Crocus sativus, comes from the Arabic word faran, meaning yellow. The Romans and the Greeks used saffron not only as a dye but also as a spice. In the early days of Greece, yellow was the official color, and Grecian women were especially fond of clothes dyed with saffron. Because of its scarcity, saffron ranked among the most expensive dyes of the ancient world. 

Early Industrial Enzymes. Enzymes were used in ancient Greece for the production of cheese (9). Early references to this are found in Greek epic poems dating from about 800 BC. Fermentation processes for brewing, baking, and the production of alcohol have been known since prehistoric times. 

Caffeine occurs in tea leaves, coffee beans, and cola nuts. Morphine is obtained from unripe opium poppy seed pods. Coniine, extracted from hemlock, is the alkaloid that killed Socrates. Fie was sentenced to death because of unconventional teaching methods teacher evaluations had teeth in them in ancient Greece. 

Sarton, G. In Ancient Science Through the Golden Age of Greece, Dover Publications New York, 1980, p. 253. 

Varella, Evangelia A. Experimental techniques and laboratory apparatus in ancient Greece drug and perfume preparation. Medicinanei secoli 8, no. 2 (1996) 191-206. 

The Kybalion a study of the hermetic philosophy of ancient Egypt and Greece, by three initiates. Chicago (IL) The Yogi Publication Society. ISBN 0-911662-25-1... 

In this book the author shows how the feminine spirit of the rose has bloomed in the past with examples from ancient Greece, the Graeco-Roman world, 17th century Rosicrucian... 

FIGURE 38 Lead coffin. Lead coffin (first—third centuries c.E.) from Jerusalem, Israel. Lead, widely used in many ancient civilizations, was one of the first metals to be recovered from its ores. Lead objects date back from as early as the seventh century b.c.e. In Mesopotamia molten lead was used to fasten bolts and shafts into masonry. In Syria it was made into rods used as currency, and in Greece it was cast into coins. During the Roman Empire the use of lead become so widespread that the health hazards caused by lead exposure are suspected to have been one of the factors affecting the fall of the Roman Empire. Since it is very resistant to corrosion, lead was also used by the Romans, for making coffins as the one illustrated. 

For Aristotle (384-322 bc) there was only one type of matter this could, however, exist in four basic forms earth, air, fire and water, all of which could be converted one into the other. Observations of natural phenomena only came second in ancient Greece, though. Biological processes were considered to be very important, and attempts were made to explain the behaviour of, for example, water, air, rain,... 

The concept that all matter, however complicated it may be, is made up of some combination of only a few basic substances began in ancient Greece. The Greek philosophers believed there were four such elements fire, water, earth, and air. They thought that all substances were combinations of these four basic things. 

R.P. Evershed, S.N. Dudd, V.A. Anderson Stojanovic, E.R. Gebhard, New chemical evidence for the use of combed ware pottery vessel as beehives in ancient Greece, Journal of Archaeological Science, 30, 1 12 (2003). 

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