Emodin

Ca.sca.ra. Sagrada. Cascara sagrada, also known as sacred bark, chitten, dogwood, coffeeberry, bearberry, bitter bark, and bearwood, is the dried bark of Jdamnus Purshiana DeCandoUe. It is ia the form of browa, purpHsh browa, or brownish red flattened or transversely curved pieces, 1- to 5-mm thick, and has a characteristic odor and bitter taste. It should be collected at least one year prior to use. The active constituents are aloe-emodin... 

Emodine (l,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methyl-9,10-anthracenedione, archin) [518-82-1] M 270.2, m 253-257 , 255-256 , 256-257 , 262 , 264 (phenolic pKs 7—10). Forms orange needles from EtOH, Et20, C6H6, toluene or pyridine. It sublimes above 2(K)°at 12mm. [Tutin and Clewer J Chem... 

Anthraquinone glycosides and their aglycones [2, 4-8] e.g. chrysophanol, emodin, aloe emodin, rhein [9-12] physcione [9, 11, 12], alizarin [10]... 

Cha, T.L. et al., Emodin down-regulates androgen receptor and inhibits prostate cancer cell growth, Cancer Res., 65, 2287, 2005. 

Black alder Alnus glutinosa Gallic acid, quercetin, emodin... 

Figure 5.13 GALDI mass spectrum of aloe resin (from THF solution). The two doublets correspond to mono and diglucosides of aloe emodin and their oxidation and reduction products, respectively (see Table 5.5)...

Wool dyed with Rubia tinctorum and Galium verum Alizarin, quinalizarin, purpurin, xanthopurpurin, purpuroxanthin dimethyl ether, munjistin, rubiadin, nordamnacanthal, anthragallol, kermesic acid, hystazarin, emodin, quinizarin HCI/MeOH/ h2o A H20 B ACN with AcOH or FA 250 nm/ESI ( ) HPLC optimization... 

Standards, Aubusson tapestry from nineteenth century Gallic acid, dihydroxybenzoic acids, carminic acid, alizarin, purpurin, xanthopurpurin, quinizarin, emodin, morin, quercetin, luteolin, apigenin, rhamnetin, hystazarin, anthragallol HCI/MeOH/H20, DMSO A ACN B H20 with HCOOH 256 nm/ESI (+)... 

EMODIN. CHRYSOPHANOL AND PHYSCION IN VEGETABLES. HERBS AND HERBAL FLAVOURED LIQUORS (K1 - Kll). ANALYSED BY RP-HPLC AND GC-MS. DATA ARE GIVEN AS RANGE. IN MG/KG (N>3) AND WERE NOT CORRECTED FOR RECOVERY... 

S.O. Mueller, M. Schmitt, W. Decant, FI. Stopper, J. Schlatter, P. Schleier and W.K. Lutz, Occurrence of emodin, chrysophanol and physcion in vegetables, herbs and liquors. Genotoxicity and anti-genotoxicity of the anthraquinones and of the whole plants. Food Chem. Toxicol. 37 (1999) 481 -91. 

Unripe fruits of many plants contain compounds such as quinines that impart an aversive taste and discourage fruit eaters from consuming them before they are ripe and their seeds are mature and ready for dispersal. Unripe fruit of some Rhamnus species contain emodin, an anthraquinone that deters birds and mammals from feeding. Anthraquinone reduced red-winged blackbird feeding on rice by 84%, and 71% in boat-tailed grackles (Avery etal, 1997). 

Endophytic Penicilliumjanthinellum from the fruits oiMelia d2Mdarach in Brazil yielded known anthraquinones, emodin, citreorosein, and a related compound, citrinin, as well as a novel anthraquinone, janthinone... 

Gastrointestinal Direct stomach irritation -nausea, vomiting and diarrhea California buckthorn (sacred bark), tung nut, horse chestnut, pokeweed Emodin and esculine (toxins) oil from seeds, nuts some medical uses Children are most often affected... 

Zhang L, Hung MC. Sensitization of HER-2/neu-over-expressing non-small cell lung cancer cell to chemotherapeutic drugs by tyrosine kinase inhibitor emodin. Oncogene 1996 12 571-576. 

Stephania dinklagei A-methyllirio dendronine 2-O-A-dimethyl liriodendronine Dicentrinone Cory dine Aloe-emodin... 

Akuammicine 81, 82, 200 Akuammidine 16 Albertidine 103 Albine 34, 100 Alcuronium 38 Alginate 203 Alioline 16, 38 AUcaloid-C 150 Allocryptopine 22 Aloe-emodin 35, 45 Aloperine 103 Alstomacroline 16, 37 Alstomacrophyline 37 Alstonerine 16, 37 Alstophyline 37 Alstoumerine 16, 37 Amabiline 52... 

E.g., emodine R. H. Thompson, Naturally Occurring Quinones, 3rd ed., Chapman Hall, New York 1987. 

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