Alder, black

Black alder Alnus glutinosa Gallic acid, quercetin, emodin... 

European alder has been observed to decline at age 8 years in plantings when mixed with black walnut. It has been surmised that black walnut allelopathy was the most likely cause for the black alder decline (25). 

CONODCrrae POWER OF CHAOCOAL OP THE SAME WOOD— BLACK ALDER—PREPARED AT LNOnBASIKO TEMPEKAIOUES I—... 

Another mixture corresponds more closely to the composition of black powder. The author even specifies grapevine or willow charcoal which, with the charcoal of black alder, are still the preferred charcoals for making fuze powders and other grades where slow burning is desired. 

Plumbic powder No. 1 is made from lead nitrate 12 parts, potassium nitrate 2 parts, and black alder charcoal 3 parts.42 The materials are powdered and mixed, and then rolled in a wooden ball-mill with balls of hard lead (Pb 5, Sb 1) or brass or bronze. 

Svartkrut (BlkPdr). For most types of Swedish BlkPdr, the compn falls within the following limits K nitrate 74—78, charcoal 12-15, and sulfur 10—12%. For different grades of BlkPdr, charcoals of different origins and methods of prepn are used. Powders used in shotgun shells contain charcoal from black alder carbonized in furnaces ordinary powders use charcoal made of birch, alder, willow or linden and Blasting... 

Alnus glutinosa L., black alder bark (7) 1.7 Picea abies L., fir twigs (33) 3.8... 

FranguRns. Anthraquinone glycosides from root, bark, and seeds of the black alder (Rhamnus frangula, Rhamnaceae) and the American buckthorn (Cascara sagrada, Rhamnaceae) as well as rhubarb roots. F are... 

Neave, I. A. and J. O. Dawson, Juglone reduces growth, nitroge-nase activity, and root respiration of actinorhizal black alder seedlings, J. Chem. Ecol., 15, 1823-1836 (1989). 

Recent research in 18 other hardwoods (and in pine) has shown the possibility to assess the vitality of other tree species of the Northern hemisphere in the same way as reported here for beech as an example. There are to take into account only little species-dependant modifications. This research has been finished now for Silver Birch, Pubescent Birch (ROLOFF 1989a, WESTMAN 1989), Norway maple. Sycamore, Sugar maple. Horse-chestnut, Black alder. Hornbeam, European Ash, American Beech, Scotch pine. Wild cherry. Sessile oak, English oak. False acacia. Common willow. Small-leaved lime and Large-leaved lime (ROLOFF 1989a). 

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