Hydroxy emodin

Most of the previously identified 25 chlorinated anthraquinones are found in lichen and fungi (1). The newly discovered examples have a wider range of sources. Studies of the lichen Nephroma laevigatum from the British Columbia coast have identified the new anthraquinone, 7-chloro-l-O-methyl-co-hydroxy-emodin (2157), and the two novel hypericins, 7,7 -dichlorohypericin (2158) and 2,2, 7,7 -tetrachlorohypericin (2159) (1931), as well as 5-chloroemodin (2160), 5-c h I oro -1 - (9 - m e t h v I - o >- h yd ro x ye m od i n (2161), and 5-chloro-co-hydroxyemodin (2162) (1932). In addition to containing several known chlorinated anthraquinones, the Scandinavian fungus Dermocybe sanguinea has afforded the new 5,7-dichloroendocrocin (2163) (1933). The novel tetracyclic anthraquinones... 

Hydroxy emodin, co-hydroxy emodin, and aloe-emodin, metabolites of the cascara sagrada constituents emodin and chrysophanol, appear to be genotoxic (Mueller et al., 1998). 

Anthraquinones, coumarins, flavonoids, and terpenoids alizarin, anthraflavic acid, bomeol, chrysin, emodin, eugenol, 4-ethylphenol, galangin, 7-hydroxy flavone, menthol (low), 4-methylumbelliferone (low), 1-naphthol, naringen (low),... 

The antioxidant properties of naturally occurring anthraquinones and anthrones were evaluated using different model systems. For example, the antioxidant activity of these compounds was studied on the inhibition of peroxidation of linoleic acid. These results suggest that the antioxidant mechanism for two anthraquinones, emodin, Fig. (4) and aloe-emodin, Fig. (2), possibly depends on scavenging hydroxy radicals, while the pro-oxidant... 

Table 5. Antagonistic Effect of 5-Hydroxy-7-methoxychromone (64) on the Antidote Activity of 5-Methoxy-6,7-methylenedioxyf1avone (10) and Emodin (18) Against MBC (12)...

Hydroxy, F-deoxy [17177-86-5]. Palnddin C. Emodin-chrysophanol bianthrone C30H22O7 M 494.500... 

Table II shows the results of the incorporation experiments (Gatenbeck, 1960a). The values of the dilution in relation to were calculated from the average content. The content in the labeled positions of emodin (3) and islandicin (1), for three hydroxy and one carbonyl groups, was 1.09 and 1.08, respectively. The results clearly demonstrated the validity of the polyketide theory and at the same time showed that there were negligible exchanges of during the biosynthesis of the anthraquinonoids. In the experiment with orsellinic acid (17), however, the dilution of vs. that of was 1.9 in the hydroxy group, indicating that about half the oxygen atoms...

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