Electrodialysis fermentation broths

There are several companies and groups that are developing bio-based succinic acid production for commercial use. The Showa group possesses a unique technology for purification of succinic acid from fermentation broth. This is the fractional crystallization method starting from sodium succinate. The yield by this method is around 70%, but we can recycle the residual solution so that we can minimize the loss of the product. We also compared the cost-effectiveness of this method with the bipolar electrodialysis method. The cost of our purification process seemed to be about half (our internal data). 

Chukwu, U.N. and Cheryan, M. 1999. Electrodialysis of acetate fermentation broths. Appl. Biochem. Biotech. 77-79, 485 199. 

Habova, V., Melzoch, K., Rychtera, M., and Sekavova, B. 2004. Electrodialysis as a useful technique for lactic acid separation from a model solution and a fermentation broth. Desalination 162, 361-372. 

Kim, Y.H. and Moon, S.-H. 2001. Lactic acid recovery from fermentation broth using one-stage electrodialysis. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 76, 169-178. 

Weier, A.J., Glatz, B.A., and Glatz, C.E. 1992. Recovery of propionic and acetic acids from fermentation broths by electrodialysis. Biotechnol. Prog. 8, 479-485. 

Heterofermentative LAB have the capability to utilize high concentrations of fructose such that the mannitol concentration in the fermentation broth could reach more than 180g/L, which is enough to be separated from the cell-free fermentation broth by cooling crystallization. Lactic and acetic acids can be recovered by electrodialysis (Soetaert et al., 1995). The enzyme mannitol dehydrogenase responsible for catalyzing the conversion of fructose to mannitol requires NADPH (NADH) as cofactor. Thus, it is possible to develop a one-pot enzymatic process for production of mannitol from fructose if a cost-effective cofactor regeneration system can be developed (Saha, 2004). The heterofermentative LAB cells can be immobilized in a suitable support, and... 

Several methods have been explored for the economical recovery of lactic acid from fermentation broth including extraction with solvent, electrodialysis, ion-exchange adsorption (see [14] for review), and reverse osmosis [15]. Wang et al. 

Electrodialysis uses stacks of pairs of anion- and cation-exchange membranes in deionizing water and in recovery of formic, acetic, lactic, gluconic, citric, succinic, and glutamic acids from their sodium and potassium salts in fermentation broths.114 This may have an advantage over processes that involve purification through calcium salts. Electrodialytic bipolar membranes have been used to recover concentrated mineral acids from dilute solution.115 They can be used to convert sodium chloride to hydrogen chloride and sodium hydroxide in a process that avoids the use of chlorine.116 Soy protein has been precipitated by... 

The potential of membrane separation techniques (such as cross-flow microfiltration(MF), ultrafiltration (UF), Reverse Osmosis (RO)and electrodialysis (ED) ) and membrane reactors in the treatment of fermentation broths are huge. The synergistic effects obtainable by designing the overall biotechnological process combining various membrane technique are particularly significant. 

Many papers on continuous fermentation using electrodialysis have been reported.34 If ionic products produced in the fermentation broth amino acids, carboxylates, etc. are removed from the broth by electrodialysis, continuous fermentation becomes possible. The diffusion behavior of organic acids, such as, acetic, propionic, lactic, tartaric, oxalic, or citric acid through cation78 and anion79 exchange membranes has been studied in detail in connection with the removal of organic acids from the fermentation broth, and in applications in the food industry. 

N. Boniardi, R. Rota, G. Nano and B. Mazza, Lactic acid production by electrodialysis. Part. I Experimental tests, J. Appl. Electrochem., 1997, 27, 125-133 Y.-H. Kim and S.-H. Moon, Lactic acid recovery from fermentation broth using one-stage electrodialysis, J. Chem. Technol. and Biotechnol, 2001, 76, 169-178. 

Figure 1441. Sampling from a fermenter for on-line analysis (after [366]). 1. Direct removal of fermentation broth (analyte A) 2. indirect sampling by ultrafiltration, dialysis, electrodialysis, per-vaporation, providing an analyte A of proportional concentration, normally diluted 3. indirect sampling by extraction of fermentation broth by external buffer 4. in situ measurement by means of an enzyme electrode or using a sterile housing with inserted electrode. F = fermenter, W = waste.

The main objective of this development was to produce a purified succinic acid product for the catalytic conversion and a solution of ammonium succinate for a new application. TTie process used was a two-stage desalting and watersplitting electrodialysis process. This double-dialysis process avoids the generation of large quantities of salt wastes, which is a common problem in the recovery of fermentation-derived organic acid such as citric acid by the gypsum process (21). The actual fermentation broths from the 75-liter and 500-liter scale-up experiments performed at ORNL were sent to ANL for use in the development of the product recovery and purification process. 

Gong Y, Tang Y, Wang XL, Yu LX, Liu DH. (2004). The possibility of the desalination of actual 1,3-propanediol fermentation broth by electrodialysis. Desalination, 16, 169-178. 

Wu RC, Xu YZ, Song YQ, Luo JA, Liu D. (2011). A novel strategy for salts recovery from 1,3-propanediol fermentation broth by bipolar membrane electrodialysis. Sep Purif Technol, 83, 9-14. 

The most important application of electrodialysis is the production of potable water from brackish water [82]. Avery special application is the reverse case, the production of salt. In the latter case the concentrate is the product stream whereas in the former case the diluate stream is the product. Moreover, there is an increasing number of industrial applications where ions have to be removed from.a process stream such as demineralisation of whey, deacidification of fruit juices, production of boiler feed water, removal of organic acids from a fermentation broth.lt is even possible to separate amino acids from each other as will be shown below. 

Figure 17.18 Process for the recovery of SA from fermentation broth by electrodialysis coupled with water-splitting electrodialysis.

Datta R (1989) Recovery and purification of lactate salts from whole fermentation broth by electrodialysis. US Patent to Michigan Biotech... 

Dinculescu D, Guzin-Stoica A, Dobre T, Floarea O (2000) Experimental investigation of citric acid reactive extraction with solvent recycling. Bioprocess Eng 22 529-532 Pinacci P, Radaelli M (2002) Recovery of citric acid from fermentation broths by electrodialysis with bipolar membranes. Desalination 148 177-179... 

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