From -glutamic acid

Nevertheless the biosynthesis of glutamine proceeds from glutamic acid The dif ference is that the endergonic process m Equation 1 is coupled with the strongly exer gome hydrolysis of ATP... 

We prefer to disconnect the right hand half of the molecule in this way because optically active lactones (59) can be made from glutamic acid (60), another available 1,4-difunctionalised compound (p T 96 ). 

Use of the relatively small cyclopropane ring drastically reduces the potential for deleterious steric bulk effects and adds only a relatively small lipophilic increment to the partition coefficient of the drug. One of the clever elements of the rolicyprine synthesis itself is the reaction of d,l tranylcypromine (67) with L-5-pyrrolidone-2-carboxylic acid (derived from glutamic acid) to form a highly crystalline diastereomeric salt, thereby effecting resolution. Addition of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide activates the carboxyl group to nucleophilic attack by the primary amine thus forming the amide rolicyprine (68). 

S. W. Fox (from 1984, director of the Institute for Molecular and Cellular Evolution of the University of Miami) made the highly controversial suggestion that the amino acid sequences in the proteinoids are not random. Nakashima prepared a thermal polymer from glutamic acid, glycine and tyrosine the analysis showed that two tyrosine-containing tripeptides had been formed pyr-Glu-Gly-Tyr and pyr-Glu-Tyr-Gly (Nakashima et al 1977). The result was confirmed (Hartmann, 1981). A closer examination of the reaction mechanism showed that the formation of these two tripeptides under the reaction conditions used depends on three parameters ... 

The 2-amino-dipyrido[ 1,2-a 3, 2 -d]imidazoles (33 Glu-P-1) and (34 Glu-P-2) were first isolated from glutamic acid pyrolysates. As observed with Trp-P-1 and Trp-P-2,... 

Glutamine is derived from glutamic acid. Its side chain is an amide. 

Recently, both enantiomers each of cis- and tran5 -5-butyl-2-heptylpyrrolidine (10c) have been synthesized from glutamic acid by an excellent method with high diastereomeric and enantiomeric purity (417). The thiolactam (293) prepared from L-glutamic acid was reacted with benzyl 2-(trifluoromethylsul-fonyloxy)oetanoate to yield the rather unstable salt (294), which without purification was treated with triphenylphosphine and A-methylpiperidine to afford... 

It interferes with metabolic pathways of amino acids leading from glutamic acid to the citric acid (Krebs) cycle and urea. 

Phthalimidoglutaric acid (18), readily prepared from glutamic acid and phthalic anhydride, has served as a precursor for the preparation of several interesting condensation polymers (76MI1110l). For example, it is readily transformed (Scheme 7) into diisocyanate (19), which was utilized for the preparation of a number of optically active polyureas (by reaction with diamines), polyurethanes (by reaction with diols) and polyurea-urethanes (by reaction with amino alcohols). 

Scheme 24 Synthesis of 1-Hydroxyethylene Peptides Starting from Glutamic Acid 4S ...

KOSiMe3 by a Beckmann-type rearrangement [39], and from glutamic acid derivatives by intramolecular acylation [40]. 

The starting point of chlorophyll is the reaction between two molecules of S-aminolevulinic acid. S-Aminolevulinic acid in higher plants is produced from glutamic acid. 

Glutaminase also catalyzes acyl transfer from glutamic acid to methanol by the reverse of the reaction of methyl glutamate hydrolysis (7) ... 

IV. Nonenzymic Formation of Pyrrolidone Carboxylic Acid from Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, and Other Compounds... 

Using the data of Wilson and Cannan (18), Cleaves (81) was able to show that the rate of formation of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid from glutamic acid in aqueous solution depends directly on the concentration of the ionic species of glutamic acid in solution. Thus, the reactive species are (I), (II), and (IV), while (III) is relatively unreactive. Protonation of the amino group and dissociation of the y-carboxyl group thus makes these groups less reactive carboxylate ion resonance apparently hinders nucleophilic attack by the amino nitrogen. 

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