Effluent treatment, dyestuffs

In 1980, approximately 111,000 t of synthetic organic dyestuffs were produced in the United States alone. In addition, another 13,000 t were imported. The largest consumer of these dyes is the textile industry accounting for two-thirds of the market (246). Recent estimates indicate 12% of the synthetic textile dyes used yearly are lost to waste streams during dyestuff manufacturing and textile processing operations. Approximately 20% of these losses enter the environment through effluents from wastewater treatment plants (3). 

Rai HS, Bhattacharyya MS, Singh J et al (2005) Removal of dyes from the effluent of textile and dyestuff manufacturing industry a review of emerging techniques with reference to biological treatment. Crit Rev Env Sci Technol 35 219-238... 

Gopalan, R., et al. Treatment and disposal of effluents from pharmaceutical and dyestuff industries in Baroda. Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Pollution, Central Public Health Engineering Research Institute, Zonal Laboratory, 1973 88-94. 

Recent estimates indicate 29t of the synthetic textile dyes used yearly are lost to waste streams during dyestuff manufacturing and textile processing operations. Approximately 20% of these losses enter the environment through effluents from wastewater treatment plants. 

Certain wood pulping processes for paper also require sulfuric acid, as do some textile and fiber processes (such as rayon and cellulose manufacture) and leather tanning. Other end uses for sulfuric acid include effluent/water treatment, plasticizers, dyestuffs, explosives, silicates for toothpaste, adhesives, rubbers, edible oils, lubricants, and the manufacture of food acids such as citric acid and lactic acid. 

Leslie, M. E. 1974. Peat Filtration Plant for the Treatment of Textile Effluents, American Dyestuffs Report, vol. 63, pp. 15-21. 

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